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The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa
The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa is here in full — 292 sentences across 59 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/58 · 5 lines
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THE RULES OF THE FAMILY The Jewess had indeed but escaped one danger to fall into another.
Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.
When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.
They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.
Therefore it was that Hirpinus felt his heart sink at Euchenor’s malicious observation.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa is here in full — 292 sentences across 59 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/58 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE RULES OF THE FAMILY The Jewess had indeed but escaped one danger to fall into another.
/ðə ruːlz ʌv ðə ˈfæməli ðə ˈdʒuːəs hæd ˌɪnˈdiːd bʌt ɪˈskeɪpt wʌn ˈdeɪndʒər tuː fɔːl ˈɪntuː əˈnʌðər/
Line 2
Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.
Line 3
When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.
/wen ə bænd ʌv ˈɡlædieɪtərz hæd bɪn ˈmʌstərd ənd toʊld ɔːf fɔːr ə pərˈtɪkjələr ˈsɜːrvəs ɪt wɑːz ðer ˈkʌstəm tuː baɪnd ðemˈselvz baɪ oʊθ æz ˈfɔːrmɪŋ wʌn ˈbɑːdi juːˈnænəməs ənd ˌɪndɪˈvɪsɪbəl ənˈtɪl ðæt ˈsɜːrvəs wɑːz kəmˈpliːtəd/
Line 4
They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.
Line 5
Therefore it was that Hirpinus felt his heart sink at Euchenor’s malicious observation.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

booty noun US /ˈbuːti/

goods or money obtained illegally

From this reading “They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.”

gladiators noun US /ˈɡlædieɪtərz/

plural of “gladiator” — (ancient Rome) a professional combatant or a captive who entertained the public by engaging in mortal combat

From this reading “When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.”

implicitly adverb US /ˌɪmˈplɪsətli/

without doubting or questioning

From this reading “They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.”

indivisible adjective US /ˌɪndɪˈvɪsɪbəl/

impossible of undergoing division

From this reading “When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.”

infringe verb US /ˌɪnˈfrɪndʒ/

go against, as of rules and laws

From this reading “Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.”

Jewess noun US /ˈdʒuːəs/

a woman who is a Jew

From this reading “THE RULES OF THE FAMILY The Jewess had indeed but escaped one danger to fall into another.”

mustered verb US /ˈmʌstərd/

past form of “muster” — gather or bring together

From this reading “When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.”

unanimous adjective US /juːˈnænəməs/

in complete agreement

From this reading “When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

personal feelings adjective + noun

In this reading “They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.”

fall into verb + particle

be included in or classified as

In this reading “THE RULES OF THE FAMILY The Jewess had indeed but escaped one danger to fall into another.”

common cause adjective + noun

In this reading “They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.”

never known adverb + adjective

In this reading “Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.”

stand by verb + particle

not act or do anything

In this reading “They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.”

in defiance preposition + noun

In this reading “They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.”

All words in this reading · 114

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

acknowledgedadjectiveUS /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒd/

recognized or made known or admitted

From this reading Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading THE RULES OF THE FAMILY The Jewess had indeed but escaped one danger to fall into another.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Therefore it was that Hirpinus felt his heart sink at Euchenor’s malicious observation.

bandnounUS /bænd/

an unofficial association of people or groups

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

bindverbUS /baɪnd/

stick to firmly

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

BoldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.

bootynounUS /ˈbuːti/

goods or money obtained illegally

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THE RULES OF THE FAMILY The Jewess had indeed but escaped one danger to fall into another.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

captivesnounUS /ˈkæptɪvz/

plural of “captive” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.

cheerfuladjectiveUS /ˈtʃɪrfəl/

being full of or promoting cheer; having or showing good spirits

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

codenounUS /koʊd/

a set of rules or principles or laws (especially written ones)

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

completedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpliːtəd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

customnounUS /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading THE RULES OF THE FAMILY The Jewess had indeed but escaped one danger to fall into another.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

defiancenounUS /dɪˈfaɪəns/

intentionally contemptuous behavior or attitude

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

disposalnounUS /dɪˈspoʊzəl/

the power to use something or someone

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

escapedadjectiveUS /ɪˈskeɪpt/

having escaped, especially from confinement

From this reading THE RULES OF THE FAMILY The Jewess had indeed but escaped one danger to fall into another.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

Euchenor's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore it was that Hirpinus felt his heart sink at Euchenor’s malicious observation.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading THE RULES OF THE FAMILY The Jewess had indeed but escaped one danger to fall into another.

FAMILYnounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading THE RULES OF THE FAMILY The Jewess had indeed but escaped one danger to fall into another.

feelingsnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋz/

emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity)

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

fellowsnounUS /ˈfeloʊz/

plural of “fellow” — a boy or man

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Therefore it was that Hirpinus felt his heart sink at Euchenor’s malicious observation.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

formingverbUS /ˈfɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “form” — create (as an entity)

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

gladiatorsnounUS /ˈɡlædieɪtərz/

plural of “gladiator” — (ancient Rome) a professional combatant or a captive who entertained the public by engaging in mortal combat

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE RULES OF THE FAMILY The Jewess had indeed but escaped one danger to fall into another.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading Therefore it was that Hirpinus felt his heart sink at Euchenor’s malicious observation.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

Hirpinus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore it was that Hirpinus felt his heart sink at Euchenor’s malicious observation.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Therefore it was that Hirpinus felt his heart sink at Euchenor’s malicious observation.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

implicitlyadverbUS /ˌɪmˈplɪsətli/

without doubting or questioning

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading THE RULES OF THE FAMILY The Jewess had indeed but escaped one danger to fall into another.

indivisibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈvɪsɪbəl/

impossible of undergoing division

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

infringeverbUS /ˌɪnˈfrɪndʒ/

go against, as of rules and laws

From this reading Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading THE RULES OF THE FAMILY The Jewess had indeed but escaped one danger to fall into another.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

jewelsnounUS /ˈdʒuːəlz/

plural of “jewel” — a precious or semiprecious stone incorporated into a piece of jewelry

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

JewessnounUS /ˈdʒuːəs/

a woman who is a Jew

From this reading THE RULES OF THE FAMILY The Jewess had indeed but escaped one danger to fall into another.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.

lawlessadjectiveUS /ˈlɔːləs/

without law or control

From this reading Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

maliciousadjectiveUS /məˈlɪʃəs/

having the nature of or resulting from malice

From this reading Therefore it was that Hirpinus felt his heart sink at Euchenor’s malicious observation.

musteredverbUS /ˈmʌstərd/

past form of “muster” — gather or bring together

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.

oathnounUS /oʊθ/

profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

obeyverbUS /oʊˈbeɪ/

be obedient to

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

observationnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading Therefore it was that Hirpinus felt his heart sink at Euchenor’s malicious observation.

obtainedverbUS /əbˈteɪnd/

past form of “obtain” — come into possession of

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE RULES OF THE FAMILY The Jewess had indeed but escaped one danger to fall into another.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading THE RULES OF THE FAMILY The Jewess had indeed but escaped one danger to fall into another.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

professionnounUS /prəˈfeʃən/

the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

professionaladjectiveUS /prəˈfeʃənəl/

engaged in a profession or engaging in as a profession or means of livelihood

From this reading Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

RULESnounUS /ruːlz/

plural of “rule” — a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading THE RULES OF THE FAMILY The Jewess had indeed but escaped one danger to fall into another.

sacrificenounUS /ˈsækrəfaɪs/

the act of losing or surrendering something as a penalty for a mistake or fault or failure to perform etc.

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

sinkverbUS /sɪŋk/

fall or descend to a lower place or level

From this reading Therefore it was that Hirpinus felt his heart sink at Euchenor’s malicious observation.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

swordsmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.

sworeverbUS /swɔːr/

inflected form of “swear” — utter obscenities or profanities

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE RULES OF THE FAMILY The Jewess had indeed but escaped one danger to fall into another.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

ThereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Therefore it was that Hirpinus felt his heart sink at Euchenor’s malicious observation.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE RULES OF THE FAMILY The Jewess had indeed but escaped one danger to fall into another.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

unanimousadjectiveUS /juːˈnænəməs/

in complete agreement

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When a band of gladiators had been mustered, and told off for a particular service, it was their custom to bind themselves by oath, as forming one body, unanimous and indivisible, until that service was completed.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Bold and lawless as were these professional swordsmen, they acknowledged certain rules of their own, which they were never known to infringe.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading They swore to stand by each other to the death, to obey their chief implicitly, and to take orders from him alone—to make common cause with their fellows, in defiance of all personal feelings of interest or danger, even to the cheerful sacrifice of life itself; and to consider all booty of arms, gold, jewels, captives, or otherwise, however obtained, as the property of the band; subject to its disposal, according to the established code of their profession.

Chapter 21 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa by G. J. (George John) Whyte-Melville holds 292 sentences, grouped into 59 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa contain?

Chapter 21 holds 292 sentences of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa, unabridged, divided into 59 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa by G. J. (George John) Whyte-Melville exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 292 sentences, grouped into 59 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa?

Work through the 59 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 59 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa by G. J. (George John) Whyte-Melville on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 6879 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47822 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #47822, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 573 minutes of reading across 1376 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Edited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Herbert
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Maxwell
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Volume
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