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The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa
The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Chapter XXVI

Chapter 26 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.
His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.
But it was engrained in his very character to love the stir and tumult of a fight.
From a boy his blood leaped and tingled at the clash of steel.
His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Chapter XXVI

Chapter 26 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.
Line 2
His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.
Line 3
But it was engrained in his very character to love the stir and tumult of a fight.
Line 4
From a boy his blood leaped and tingled at the clash of steel.
Line 5
His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abstain verb US /əbˈsteɪn/

refrain from voting

From this reading “AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.”

clash noun US /klæʃ/

A violent confrontation or disagreement between opposing forces or factions.

From this reading “From a boy his blood leaped and tingled at the clash of steel.”

dealing noun US /ˈdiːlɪŋ/

method or manner of conduct in relation to others

From this reading “His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.”

endurance noun US /ˈendərəns/

the power to withstand hardship or stress

From this reading “His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.”

exercised verb US /ˈeksərsaɪzd/

past form of “exercise” — put to use

From this reading “His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.”

fray verb US /freɪ/

wear away by rubbing

From this reading “AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.”

timely adjective US /ˈtaɪmli/

before a time limit expires

From this reading “His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.”

undergone verb US /ˌʌndərˈɡɔːn/

inflected form of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading “His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

abstain from verb + particle

In this reading “AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.”

within hearing preposition + noun

In this reading “AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.”

blood leaped noun + noun counted as “blood leap”

In this reading “From a boy his blood leaped and tingled at the clash of steel.”

sweet influence adjective + noun

In this reading “His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.”

taking part noun + noun

In this reading “AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.”

AT BAY preposition + noun

forced to turn and face attackers

In this reading “AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

abstainverbUS /əbˈsteɪn/

refrain from voting

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

BAYnounUS /beɪ/

an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading From a boy his blood leaped and tingled at the clash of steel.

blowverbUS /bloʊ/

exhale hard

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

blowsnounUS /bloʊz/

plural of “blow” — a powerful stroke with the fist or a weapon

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading From a boy his blood leaped and tingled at the clash of steel.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But it was engrained in his very character to love the stir and tumult of a fight.

Calchas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading But it was engrained in his very character to love the stir and tumult of a fight.

clashnounUS /klæʃ/

A violent confrontation or disagreement between opposing forces or factions.

From this reading From a boy his blood leaped and tingled at the clash of steel.

conflictnounUS /ˈkɑːnflɪkt/

an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

dealingnounUS /ˈdiːlɪŋ/

method or manner of conduct in relation to others

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

endurancenounUS /ˈendərəns/

the power to withstand hardship or stress

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

engrained

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But it was engrained in his very character to love the stir and tumult of a fight.

Esca's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

Esquiline

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

examplenounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

exercisedverbUS /ˈeksərsaɪzd/

past form of “exercise” — put to use

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading But it was engrained in his very character to love the stir and tumult of a fight.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

frayverbUS /freɪ/

wear away by rubbing

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

fruitnounUS /fruːt/

the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

hearingnounUS /ˈhiːrɪŋ/

(law) a proceeding (usually by a court) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

leapedverbUS /lept/

past form of “leap” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading From a boy his blood leaped and tingled at the clash of steel.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading But it was engrained in his very character to love the stir and tumult of a fight.

Mariamne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

preachernounUS /ˈpriːtʃər/

someone whose occupation is preaching the gospel

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

produceverbUS /prəˈduːs/

bring forth or yield

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

provedadjectiveUS /pruːvd/

established beyond doubt

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

recentadjectiveUS /ˈriːsənt/

new

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

sentimentsnounUS /ˈsentəmənts/

plural of “sentiment” — tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

shrewdadjectiveUS /ʃruːd/

marked by practical hardheaded intelligence

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

steelnounUS /stiːl/

an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range

From this reading From a boy his blood leaped and tingled at the clash of steel.

stirverbUS /stɜːr/

move an implement through

From this reading But it was engrained in his very character to love the stir and tumult of a fight.

sweetadjectiveUS /swiːt/

having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

tidenounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

timelyadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪmli/

before a time limit expires

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

tingled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From a boy his blood leaped and tingled at the clash of steel.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

tumultnounUS /ˈtuːməlt/

a state of commotion and noise and confusion

From this reading But it was engrained in his very character to love the stir and tumult of a fight.

undergoneverbUS /ˌʌndərˈɡɔːn/

inflected form of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading But it was engrained in his very character to love the stir and tumult of a fight.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading His was the courage which is scarcely exercised in the tide of personal conflict, and must be proved rather in endurance than in action—so naturally does it force itself to the front when men are dealing blow for blow.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading His recent sentiments had indeed undergone a change that would produce timely fruit; and neither the words of the preacher in the Esquiline, nor the example of Calchas, nor the sweet influence of Mariamne, had been without their effect.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading AT BAY It was not in Esca’s nature to be within hearing of shrewd blows and yet abstain from taking part in the fray.

Chapter 26 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa by G. J. (George John) Whyte-Melville holds 110 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 26 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa contain?

Chapter 26 holds 110 sentences of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 26 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa by G. J. (George John) Whyte-Melville exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 110 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 26 of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 26 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 26 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Common questions about reading The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa by G. J. (George John) Whyte-Melville on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa?

Yes. All 6879 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47822 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #47822, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa take to read?

About 573 minutes of reading across 1376 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa section by section

How to work through The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Edited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Herbert
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Maxwell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gladiators. A Tale of Rome and Judæa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.