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The Gold Of Fairnilee
The Gold Of Fairnilee

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Gold Of Fairnilee is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Gold Of Fairnilee
Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.
Below them was a wide marsh, all yellow with marsh flowers, and above them was a steep slope made of stones.
Now the dry ditch, where they sat down on the grass, looking towards the Tweed, with their backs to the hill, was called the _Catrail_.
It ran all through that country, and must have been made by men very long ago.
Nobody knows who made it, nor why.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gold Of Fairnilee

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Gold Of Fairnilee is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.
/ðeɪ hæd klaɪmd ʌp ðə sloʊp ʌv ə hɪl ənd ðeɪ keɪm tuː ə brɔːd oʊld dɪtʃ bɪˈniːθ ðə ʃeɪd ʌv ə wʊd ʌv paɪn triːz/
Line 2
Below them was a wide marsh, all yellow with marsh flowers, and above them was a steep slope made of stones.
/bɪˈloʊ ðem wɑːz ə waɪd mɑːrʃ ɔːl ˈjeloʊ wɪð mɑːrʃ ˈflaʊərz ənd əˈbʌv ðem wɑːz ə stiːp sloʊp meɪd ʌv stoʊnz/
Line 3
Now the dry ditch, where they sat down on the grass, looking towards the Tweed, with their backs to the hill, was called the _Catrail_.
Line 4
It ran all through that country, and must have been made by men very long ago.
/ɪt ræn ɔːl θruː ðæt ˈkʌntri ənd mʌst hæv bɪn meɪd baɪ men ˈveri lɔːŋ əˈɡoʊ/
Line 5
Nobody knows who made it, nor why.
/ˈnoʊbɑːdiː noʊz huː meɪd ɪt nɔːr waɪ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

backs noun US /bæks/

plural of “back” — the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine

From this reading “Now the dry ditch, where they sat down on the grass, looking towards the Tweed, with their backs to the hill, was called the _Catrail_.”

climbed verb US /klaɪmd/

past form of “climb” — go upward with gradual or continuous progress

From this reading “THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.”

ditch noun US /dɪtʃ/

a long narrow excavation in the earth

From this reading “THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.”

marsh noun US /mɑːrʃ/

low-lying wet land with grassy vegetation; usually is a transition zone between land and water

From this reading “Below them was a wide marsh, all yellow with marsh flowers, and above them was a steep slope made of stones.”

pine noun US /paɪn/

a coniferous tree

From this reading “THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.”

slope noun US /sloʊp/

an elevated geological formation

From this reading “THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.”

steep adjective US /stiːp/

having a sharp inclination

From this reading “Below them was a wide marsh, all yellow with marsh flowers, and above them was a steep slope made of stones.”

Tweed noun US /twiːd/

thick woolen fabric used for clothing; originated in Scotland

From this reading “Now the dry ditch, where they sat down on the grass, looking towards the Tweed, with their backs to the hill, was called the _Catrail_.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Below them was a wide marsh, all yellow with marsh flowers, and above them was a steep slope made of stones.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading It ran all through that country, and must have been made by men very long ago.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Below them was a wide marsh, all yellow with marsh flowers, and above them was a steep slope made of stones.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

backsnounUS /bæks/

plural of “back” — the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine

From this reading Now the dry ditch, where they sat down on the grass, looking towards the Tweed, with their backs to the hill, was called the _Catrail_.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It ran all through that country, and must have been made by men very long ago.

BelowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading Below them was a wide marsh, all yellow with marsh flowers, and above them was a steep slope made of stones.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It ran all through that country, and must have been made by men very long ago.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Now the dry ditch, where they sat down on the grass, looking towards the Tweed, with their backs to the hill, was called the _Catrail_.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

Catrail

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now the dry ditch, where they sat down on the grass, looking towards the Tweed, with their backs to the hill, was called the _Catrail_.

climbedverbUS /klaɪmd/

past form of “climb” — go upward with gradual or continuous progress

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading It ran all through that country, and must have been made by men very long ago.

ditchnounUS /dɪtʃ/

a long narrow excavation in the earth

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Now the dry ditch, where they sat down on the grass, looking towards the Tweed, with their backs to the hill, was called the _Catrail_.

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading Now the dry ditch, where they sat down on the grass, looking towards the Tweed, with their backs to the hill, was called the _Catrail_.

flowersnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading Below them was a wide marsh, all yellow with marsh flowers, and above them was a steep slope made of stones.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading Now the dry ditch, where they sat down on the grass, looking towards the Tweed, with their backs to the hill, was called the _Catrail_.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It ran all through that country, and must have been made by men very long ago.

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It ran all through that country, and must have been made by men very long ago.

knowsnounUS /noʊz/

plural of “know” — the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people

From this reading Nobody knows who made it, nor why.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading It ran all through that country, and must have been made by men very long ago.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading Now the dry ditch, where they sat down on the grass, looking towards the Tweed, with their backs to the hill, was called the _Catrail_.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Below them was a wide marsh, all yellow with marsh flowers, and above them was a steep slope made of stones.

marshnounUS /mɑːrʃ/

low-lying wet land with grassy vegetation; usually is a transition zone between land and water

From this reading Below them was a wide marsh, all yellow with marsh flowers, and above them was a steep slope made of stones.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading It ran all through that country, and must have been made by men very long ago.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading It ran all through that country, and must have been made by men very long ago.

NobodypronounUS /ˈnoʊbɑːdiː/

no person; not anyone

From this reading Nobody knows who made it, nor why.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Nobody knows who made it, nor why.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now the dry ditch, where they sat down on the grass, looking towards the Tweed, with their backs to the hill, was called the _Catrail_.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Now the dry ditch, where they sat down on the grass, looking towards the Tweed, with their backs to the hill, was called the _Catrail_.

pinenounUS /paɪn/

a coniferous tree

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading It ran all through that country, and must have been made by men very long ago.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading Now the dry ditch, where they sat down on the grass, looking towards the Tweed, with their backs to the hill, was called the _Catrail_.

shadenounUS /ʃeɪd/

relative darkness caused by light rays being intercepted by an opaque body

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

slopenounUS /sloʊp/

an elevated geological formation

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

steepadjectiveUS /stiːp/

having a sharp inclination

From this reading Below them was a wide marsh, all yellow with marsh flowers, and above them was a steep slope made of stones.

stonesnounUS /stoʊnz/

plural of “stone” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading Below them was a wide marsh, all yellow with marsh flowers, and above them was a steep slope made of stones.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It ran all through that country, and must have been made by men very long ago.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Now the dry ditch, where they sat down on the grass, looking towards the Tweed, with their backs to the hill, was called the _Catrail_.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Below them was a wide marsh, all yellow with marsh flowers, and above them was a steep slope made of stones.

THEYpronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading It ran all through that country, and must have been made by men very long ago.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Now the dry ditch, where they sat down on the grass, looking towards the Tweed, with their backs to the hill, was called the _Catrail_.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

TweednounUS /twiːd/

thick woolen fabric used for clothing; originated in Scotland

From this reading Now the dry ditch, where they sat down on the grass, looking towards the Tweed, with their backs to the hill, was called the _Catrail_.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading It ran all through that country, and must have been made by men very long ago.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Below them was a wide marsh, all yellow with marsh flowers, and above them was a steep slope made of stones.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Now the dry ditch, where they sat down on the grass, looking towards the Tweed, with their backs to the hill, was called the _Catrail_.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Nobody knows who made it, nor why.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Nobody knows who made it, nor why.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Below them was a wide marsh, all yellow with marsh flowers, and above them was a steep slope made of stones.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Below them was a wide marsh, all yellow with marsh flowers, and above them was a steep slope made of stones.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading THEY had climbed up the slope of a hill, and they came to a broad old ditch, beneath the shade of a wood of pine trees.

yellowadjectiveUS /ˈjeloʊ/

of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk

From this reading Below them was a wide marsh, all yellow with marsh flowers, and above them was a steep slope made of stones.

Chapter 12 of The Gold Of Fairnilee by Andrew Lang holds 40 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The Gold Of Fairnilee contain?

Chapter 12 holds 40 sentences of The Gold Of Fairnilee, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The Gold Of Fairnilee by Andrew Lang exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 40 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The Gold Of Fairnilee?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Gold Of Fairnilee

Common questions about reading The Gold Of Fairnilee by Andrew Lang on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Gold Of Fairnilee?

Yes. All 717 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21934 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Gold Of Fairnilee is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #21934, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Gold Of Fairnilee take to read?

About 59 minutes of reading across 144 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Gold Of Fairnilee section by section

How to work through The Gold Of Fairnilee section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of The Gold Of Fairnilee to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Gold Of Fairnilee

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Gold Of Fairnilee, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Still
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gold Of Fairnilee; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scotch
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gold Of Fairnilee; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
House
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gold Of Fairnilee; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Where
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gold Of Fairnilee; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.