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The Golden Treasury Selected from the Best
The Golden Treasury Selected from the Best

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Golden Treasury Selected from the Best is here in full — 357 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/71 · 5 lines
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_The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.
The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.
1600), not published till 1773; but the story seems to have passed in MS. to Carte's History, whence it may have been taken by Gray.
The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.
It is, however, doubtful whether Gray (of whose acquaintance with Welsh we have no evidence) must not have been also aided by some Welsh scholar.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Golden Treasury Selected from the Best

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Golden Treasury Selected from the Best is here in full — 357 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/71 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.
Line 2
The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.
Line 3
1600), not published till 1773; but the story seems to have passed in MS. to Carte's History, whence it may have been taken by Gray.
Line 4
The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.
Line 5
It is, however, doubtful whether Gray (of whose acquaintance with Welsh we have no evidence) must not have been also aided by some Welsh scholar.
/ɪt ɪz ˌhaʊˈevər ˈdaʊtfəl ˈweðər ɡreɪ ʌv huːz əˈkweɪntəns wɪð weltʃ wiː hæv noʊ ˈevədəns mʌst nɑːt hæv bɪn ˈɔːlsoʊ ˈeɪdəd baɪ sʌm weltʃ ˈskɒl.ər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

allusions noun US /əˈluːʒənz/

plural of “allusion” — passing reference or indirect mention

From this reading “_The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.”

fabled adjective US /ˈfeɪbəld/

celebrated in fable or legend

From this reading “The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.”

Gray's noun US /ɡreɪz/

possessive form of “gray” — a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading “The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.”

groundless adjective US /ˈɡraʊndləs/

without a basis in reason or fact

From this reading “The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.”

references noun US /ˈrefərənsɪz/

plural of “reference” — a remark that calls attention to something or someone

From this reading “The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.”

similarly adverb US /ˈsɪmələrli/

in like or similar manner

From this reading “The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.”

Stephens noun US /ˈstiːvənz/

plural of “stephen” — English writer (1832-1904)

From this reading “The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.”

Wharton noun US /ˈwɔːrtən/

United States novelist (1862-1937)

From this reading “The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

family history noun + noun

part of a patient's medical history in which questions are asked in an attempt to find out whether the patient has hereditary tendencies toward particular diseases

In this reading “The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.”

learn from verb + particle

In this reading “The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.”

in regard preposition + noun

In this reading “_The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1600

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1600), not published till 1773; but the story seems to have passed in MS. to Carte's History, whence it may have been taken by Gray.

1757

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

1760

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

1764

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

1773

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1600), not published till 1773; but the story seems to have passed in MS. to Carte's History, whence it may have been taken by Gray.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

acquaintancenounUS /əˈkweɪntəns/

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading It is, however, doubtful whether Gray (of whose acquaintance with Welsh we have no evidence) must not have been also aided by some Welsh scholar.

aidedadjectiveUS /ˈeɪdəd/

having help; often used as a combining form

From this reading It is, however, doubtful whether Gray (of whose acquaintance with Welsh we have no evidence) must not have been also aided by some Welsh scholar.

allusionsnounUS /əˈluːʒənz/

plural of “allusion” — passing reference or indirect mention

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading It is, however, doubtful whether Gray (of whose acquaintance with Welsh we have no evidence) must not have been also aided by some Welsh scholar.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

appearsverbUS /əˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

BardnounUS /bɑːrd/

a lyric poet

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

Bards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading 1600), not published till 1773; but the story seems to have passed in MS. to Carte's History, whence it may have been taken by Gray.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading 1600), not published till 1773; but the story seems to have passed in MS. to Carte's History, whence it may have been taken by Gray.

Cadwallo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

Carte's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1600), not published till 1773; but the story seems to have passed in MS. to Carte's History, whence it may have been taken by Gray.

cir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

completedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpliːtəd/

successfully completed or brought to an end

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

Cymricnoun

a Celtic language of Wales

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

derivedadjectiveUS /dərˈaɪvd/

formed or developed from something else; not original

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

discoververbUS /dɪˈskʌvər/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

doubtfuladjectiveUS /ˈdaʊtfəl/

open to doubt or suspicion

From this reading It is, however, doubtful whether Gray (of whose acquaintance with Welsh we have no evidence) must not have been also aided by some Welsh scholar.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

EnounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

EvansnounUS /ˈevənz/

United States anatomist who identified four pituitary hormones and discovered vitamin E (1882-1971)

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

evidencenounUS /ˈevədəns/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading It is, however, doubtful whether Gray (of whose acquaintance with Welsh we have no evidence) must not have been also aided by some Welsh scholar.

fabledadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪbəld/

celebrated in fable or legend

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

GraynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

Gray'snounUS /ɡreɪz/

possessive form of “gray” — a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

groundlessadjectiveUS /ˈɡraʊndləs/

without a basis in reason or fact

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

Gwydir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading 1600), not published till 1773; but the story seems to have passed in MS. to Carte's History, whence it may have been taken by Gray.

high-born

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

Hoel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading It is, however, doubtful whether Gray (of whose acquaintance with Welsh we have no evidence) must not have been also aided by some Welsh scholar.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

Kymry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

LiteraturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

Llewellyn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

massacreverbUS /ˈmæsəkər/

kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading 1600), not published till 1773; but the story seems to have passed in MS. to Carte's History, whence it may have been taken by Gray.

MSnounUS /mɪz/

a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers

From this reading 1600), not published till 1773; but the story seems to have passed in MS. to Carte's History, whence it may have been taken by Gray.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading It is, however, doubtful whether Gray (of whose acquaintance with Welsh we have no evidence) must not have been also aided by some Welsh scholar.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading It is, however, doubtful whether Gray (of whose acquaintance with Welsh we have no evidence) must not have been also aided by some Welsh scholar.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading 1600), not published till 1773; but the story seems to have passed in MS. to Carte's History, whence it may have been taken by Gray.

odenounUS /oʊd/

a lyric poem with complex stanza forms

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading 1600), not published till 1773; but the story seems to have passed in MS. to Carte's History, whence it may have been taken by Gray.

poetrynounUS /ˈpoʊətri/

literature in metrical form

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

printedverbUS /ˈprɪntɪd/

past form of “print” — put into print

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading 1600), not published till 1773; but the story seems to have passed in MS. to Carte's History, whence it may have been taken by Gray.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

referencesnounUS /ˈrefərənsɪz/

plural of “reference” — a remark that calls attention to something or someone

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

RevverbUS /rev/

increase the number of rotations per minute

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

scholarnounUS /ˈskɒl.ər/

A specialist in a particular branch of study; a distinguished student.

From this reading It is, however, doubtful whether Gray (of whose acquaintance with Welsh we have no evidence) must not have been also aided by some Welsh scholar.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading 1600), not published till 1773; but the story seems to have passed in MS. to Carte's History, whence it may have been taken by Gray.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

similarlyadverbUS /ˈsɪmələrli/

in like or similar manner

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It is, however, doubtful whether Gray (of whose acquaintance with Welsh we have no evidence) must not have been also aided by some Welsh scholar.

SpecimensnounUS /ˈspesəmənz/

plural of “specimen” — an example regarded as typical of its class

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

splendidadjectiveUS /ˈsplendɪd/

having great beauty and splendor

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

StephensnounUS /ˈstiːvənz/

plural of “stephen” — English writer (1832-1904)

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading 1600), not published till 1773; but the story seems to have passed in MS. to Carte's History, whence it may have been taken by Gray.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading 1600), not published till 1773; but the story seems to have passed in MS. to Carte's History, whence it may have been taken by Gray.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading 1600), not published till 1773; but the story seems to have passed in MS. to Carte's History, whence it may have been taken by Gray.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

Urien

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

WalesnounUS /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

WelshnounUS /weltʃ/

a native or resident of Wales

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

WhartonnounUS /ˈwɔːrtən/

United States novelist (1862-1937)

From this reading The references to _high-born Hoel_ and _soft Llewellyn_; to _Cadwallo_ and _Urien_; may, similarly, have been derived from the 'Specimens' of early Welsh poetry, by the Rev. E. Evans:--as, although not published till 1764, the MS., we learn from a letter to Dr. Wharton, was in Gray's hands by July 1760, and may have reached him by 1757.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

whenceadverbUS /wens/

an old word meaning “from where”

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading _The Bard._ In 1757, when this splendid ode was completed, so very little had been printed, whether in Wales or in England, in regard to Welsh poetry, that it is hard to discover whence Gray drew his Cymric allusions.

whollyadverbUS /ˈhoʊli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading It is, however, doubtful whether Gray (of whose acquaintance with Welsh we have no evidence) must not have been also aided by some Welsh scholar.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is, however, doubtful whether Gray (of whose acquaintance with Welsh we have no evidence) must not have been also aided by some Welsh scholar.

Wynn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fabled massacre of the Bards (shown to be wholly groundless in Stephens' _Literature of the Kymry_) appears first in the family history of Sir John Wynn of Gwydir (cir.

Chapter 12 of The Golden Treasury Selected from the Best by Francis Turner [Editor] Palgrave holds 357 sentences, grouped into 72 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

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Chapter 12 holds 357 sentences of The Golden Treasury Selected from the Best, unabridged, divided into 72 reading sections.

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