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The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey"
The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey"

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey" is here in full — 133 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey"
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The first fifteen years of my life were spent in the Dakota Territory.
The great West mothered me during the shaping of my boyhood ambitions and ideals.
Therefore, I know by personal experience much of the actual life of our frontier days.
Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.
While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.
0:00 / 0:00
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey"

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey" is here in full — 133 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The first fifteen years of my life were spent in the Dakota Territory.
/ðə fɜːrst fɪfˈtiːn jɪrz ʌv maɪ laɪf wɜːr spent ɪn ðə dəˈkoʊtə ˈterɪtɔːri/
Line 2
The great West mothered me during the shaping of my boyhood ambitions and ideals.
Line 3
Therefore, I know by personal experience much of the actual life of our frontier days.
/ˈðerfɔːr aɪ noʊ baɪ ˈpɜːrsɪnəl ɪkˈspɪriəns mʌtʃ ʌv ðə ˈæktʃəwəl laɪf ʌv ˈaʊər frənˈtɪr deɪz/
Line 4
Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.
/let miː rɪˈleɪt ə fjuː əˈnjuːʒuːəl ˈstɔːriz ʌv ˈɜːrli ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt wɪtʃ wɪl ʃoʊ waɪ ə mæn brɔːt ʌp ɪn ðə west ˈnevər fərˈɡets ɪts ˈhɪstəri trəˈdɪʃənz ənd laɪf/
Line 5
While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.
/waɪl bɔɪz ʌv maɪ eɪdʒ ɪn ðə iːst wɜːr ˈpleɪɪŋ ˈbeɪsˈbɔːl ˈfʊtbɔːl ənd ðə ˈveriəs skuːl ɡeɪmz aɪ wɑːz fɔːrst θruː ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt tuː pleɪ ðə mɔːr ˈprɪmətɪv ɡeɪmz ʌv ðə ˈɪndiən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ambitions noun US /æmˈbɪʃənz/

plural of “ambition” — a cherished desire

From this reading “The great West mothered me during the shaping of my boyhood ambitions and ideals.”

baseball noun US /ˈbeɪsˈbɔːl/

a ball game played with a bat and ball between two teams of nine players; teams take turns at bat trying to score runs

From this reading “While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.”

Dakota noun US /dəˈkoʊtə/

a member of the Siouan people of the northern Mississippi valley; commonly called the Sioux

From this reading “The first fifteen years of my life were spent in the Dakota Territory.”

environment noun US /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/

the totality of surrounding conditions

From this reading “Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.”

forgets verb US /fərˈɡets/

third-person singular of “forget” — dismiss from the mind; stop remembering

From this reading “Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.”

ideals noun US /aɪˈdiːlz/

plural of “ideal” — the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attain

From this reading “The great West mothered me during the shaping of my boyhood ambitions and ideals.”

shaping noun US /ˈʃeɪpɪŋ/

any process serving to define the shape of something

From this reading “The great West mothered me during the shaping of my boyhood ambitions and ideals.”

traditions noun US /trəˈdɪʃənz/

plural of “tradition” — an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading “Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

fifteen years noun + noun

In this reading “The first fifteen years of my life were spent in the Dakota Territory.”

actual life adjective + noun

In this reading “Therefore, I know by personal experience much of the actual life of our frontier days.”

brought up verb + adjective counted as “bring up”

summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic

In this reading “Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.”

in the East preposition + article + noun counted as “in … east”

In this reading “While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.”

in the West preposition + article + noun counted as “in … west”

In this reading “Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

actualadjectiveUS /ˈæktʃəwəl/

presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible

From this reading Therefore, I know by personal experience much of the actual life of our frontier days.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.

ambitionsnounUS /æmˈbɪʃənz/

plural of “ambition” — a cherished desire

From this reading The great West mothered me during the shaping of my boyhood ambitions and ideals.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The great West mothered me during the shaping of my boyhood ambitions and ideals.

baseballnounUS /ˈbeɪsˈbɔːl/

a ball game played with a bat and ball between two teams of nine players; teams take turns at bat trying to score runs

From this reading While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.

boyhoodnounUS /ˈbɔɪhʊd/

the childhood of a boy

From this reading The great West mothered me during the shaping of my boyhood ambitions and ideals.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Therefore, I know by personal experience much of the actual life of our frontier days.

DakotanounUS /dəˈkoʊtə/

a member of the Siouan people of the northern Mississippi valley; commonly called the Sioux

From this reading The first fifteen years of my life were spent in the Dakota Territory.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Therefore, I know by personal experience much of the actual life of our frontier days.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The great West mothered me during the shaping of my boyhood ambitions and ideals.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

EastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.

environmentnounUS /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/

the totality of surrounding conditions

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading Therefore, I know by personal experience much of the actual life of our frontier days.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

fifteennounUS /fɪfˈtiːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of fourteen and one

From this reading The first fifteen years of my life were spent in the Dakota Territory.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first fifteen years of my life were spent in the Dakota Territory.

footballnounUS /ˈfʊtbɔːl/

any of various games played with a ball (round or oval) in which two teams try to kick or carry or propel the ball into each other's goal

From this reading While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.

forgetsverbUS /fərˈɡets/

third-person singular of “forget” — dismiss from the mind; stop remembering

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

frontiernounUS /frənˈtɪr/

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading Therefore, I know by personal experience much of the actual life of our frontier days.

gamesnounUS /ɡeɪmz/

plural of “game” — a contest with rules to determine a winner

From this reading While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The great West mothered me during the shaping of my boyhood ambitions and ideals.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Therefore, I know by personal experience much of the actual life of our frontier days.

idealsnounUS /aɪˈdiːlz/

plural of “ideal” — the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attain

From this reading The great West mothered me during the shaping of my boyhood ambitions and ideals.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The first fifteen years of my life were spent in the Dakota Territory.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Therefore, I know by personal experience much of the actual life of our frontier days.

Letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The first fifteen years of my life were spent in the Dakota Territory.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The great West mothered me during the shaping of my boyhood ambitions and ideals.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.

mothered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The great West mothered me during the shaping of my boyhood ambitions and ideals.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Therefore, I know by personal experience much of the actual life of our frontier days.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading The first fifteen years of my life were spent in the Dakota Territory.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The first fifteen years of my life were spent in the Dakota Territory.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Therefore, I know by personal experience much of the actual life of our frontier days.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading Therefore, I know by personal experience much of the actual life of our frontier days.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.

playingnounUS /ˈpleɪɪŋ/

the act of playing a musical instrument

From this reading While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.

primitiveadjectiveUS /ˈprɪmətɪv/

belonging to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness

From this reading While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.

relateverbUS /rɪˈleɪt/

make a logical or causal connection

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.

shapingnounUS /ˈʃeɪpɪŋ/

any process serving to define the shape of something

From this reading The great West mothered me during the shaping of my boyhood ambitions and ideals.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading The first fifteen years of my life were spent in the Dakota Territory.

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

TerritorynounUS /ˈterɪtɔːri/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading The first fifteen years of my life were spent in the Dakota Territory.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The first fifteen years of my life were spent in the Dakota Territory.

ThereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Therefore, I know by personal experience much of the actual life of our frontier days.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.

traditionsnounUS /trəˈdɪʃənz/

plural of “tradition” — an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

unusualadjectiveUS /əˈnjuːʒuːəl/

not usual or common or ordinary

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The first fifteen years of my life were spent in the Dakota Territory.

WestnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading The great West mothered me during the shaping of my boyhood ambitions and ideals.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While boys of my age in the East were playing baseball, football and the various school games, I was forced through environment to play the more primitive games of the Indian.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Let me relate a few unusual stories of early environment which will show why a man brought up in the West never forgets its history, traditions and life.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The first fifteen years of my life were spent in the Dakota Territory.

Chapter 1 of The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey" by William S. (William Surrey) Hart holds 133 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey" contain?

Chapter 1 holds 133 sentences of The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey", unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey" by William S. (William Surrey) Hart exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 133 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey"?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey"

Words and structures a reader meets early in The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey", each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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