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The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey"
The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey"

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey" is here in full — 49 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
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PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.
It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.
And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."
After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.
Injun had spent all his life in adventure, and while it was nothing new to him, it had become a sort of second nature, and made the limitations of even semi-civilization irksome.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey"

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey" is here in full — 49 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.
/plænz fɔːr ðə ˈfjuːtʃər ɪf kəˈlʌmbəs ɔːr ðə ˈɜːrli ˈnɔːrsmɪn ɔːr huː ˈevər ɪt wɑːz ðæt fɜːrst dɪˈskʌvərd əˈmerəkə hæd bɪn ˈsætəsfaɪd tuː seɪl ˈvesəlz wɪˈðɪn ðə ˈkɑːnfaɪnz ʌv ðə noʊn siːz ɪn ðer ˌɪˈmiːdiːət ˈneɪbərhʊd ðə eɡˈzɪstəns ʌv ðɪs ɡreɪt ˈkɑːntənənt wʊd hæv rɪˈmeɪnd ˌʌnsəˈspektɪd baɪ ðə ˈpiːpəl ʌv ðə oʊld wɜːrld/
Line 2
It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.
/ɪt ɪz ðə ˈspɪrət ʌv ædˈventʃər ʌv ˌdɪsætɪˈsfækʃən wɪð θɪŋz æz ðeɪ ɑːr ðæt ɪz æt ðə ˈbɑːtəm ʌv ɔːl ɡreɪt dɪˈskʌvəriz ənd ʌv ɔːl ˈprɑːɡres/
Line 3
And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."
Line 4
After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.
/ˈæftər ðer ɪkˈskɜːrʒən ˈɪntuː ðə waɪldz ðə laɪf ɑːn ðə ræntʃ waɪl baɪ noʊ miːnz dʌl lækt ðə zest ʌv ædˈventʃər ənd dɪˈskʌvəri ʌv wɪtʃ ðeɪ ɔːr ˈræðər ˈwaɪtiː æt liːst hæd hæd ə teɪst/
Line 5
Injun had spent all his life in adventure, and while it was nothing new to him, it had become a sort of second nature, and made the limitations of even semi-civilization irksome.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

confines noun US /ˈkɑːnfaɪnz/

a bounded scope

From this reading “PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.”

dissatisfaction noun US /ˌdɪsætɪˈsfækʃən/

the feeling of being displeased and discontent

From this reading “It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.”

irksome adjective US /ˈɜːrksəm/

so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness

From this reading “Injun had spent all his life in adventure, and while it was nothing new to him, it had become a sort of second nature, and made the limitations of even semi-civilization irksome.”

laurels noun US /ˈlɔːrəlz/

a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction

From this reading “And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."”

limitations noun US /ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “limitation” — a principle that limits the extent of something

From this reading “Injun had spent all his life in adventure, and while it was nothing new to him, it had become a sort of second nature, and made the limitations of even semi-civilization irksome.”

Norsemen noun US /ˈnɔːrsmɪn/

plural of “norseman” — a native or inhabitant of Norway

From this reading “PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.”

unsuspected adjective US /ˌʌnsəˈspektɪd/

not suspected or believed likely

From this reading “PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.”

Whitey noun US /ˈwaɪtiː/

(slang) offensive names for a White man

From this reading “After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

immediate neighborhood adjective + noun

In this reading “PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.”

within the confines preposition + article + noun counted as “within … confines”

In this reading “PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.”

at the bottom preposition + article + noun counted as “at … bottom”

In this reading “It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.”

on account preposition + noun

In this reading “And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."”

new worlds adjective + noun counted as “new world”

the hemisphere that includes North America and South America

In this reading “And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."”

great discoveries adjective + noun counted as “great discovery”

In this reading “It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.”

in jail preposition + noun

In this reading “And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."”

PLANS FOR verb + particle counted as “plan for”

In this reading “PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.”

All words in this reading · 118

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

adventureverbUS /ædˈventʃər/

take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome

From this reading It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.

AlexandernounUS /ˌæləɡˈzændər/

European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.

awaitingverbUS /əˈweɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “await” — look forward to the probable occurrence of

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Injun had spent all his life in adventure, and while it was nothing new to him, it had become a sort of second nature, and made the limitations of even semi-civilization irksome.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

bottomnounUS /ˈbɑːtəm/

the lower side of anything

From this reading It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

captureverbUS /ˈkæptʃər/

succeed in representing or expressing something intangible

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

ColumbusnounUS /kəˈlʌmbəs/

the state capital of Ohio; located in the center of the state; site of Ohio State University

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

confinesnounUS /ˈkɑːnfaɪnz/

a bounded scope

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

conquerverbUS /ˈkɑːŋkər/

bring under control by force or authority

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

continentnounUS /ˈkɑːntənənt/

one of the large landmasses of the earth

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

desperateadjectiveUS /ˈdesprɪt/

arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

discoveriesnounUS /dɪˈskʌvəriz/

plural of “discovery” — the act of discovering something

From this reading It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.

discoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.

dissatisfactionnounUS /ˌdɪsætɪˈsfækʃən/

the feeling of being displeased and discontent

From this reading It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.

dulladjectiveUS /dʌl/

lacking in liveliness or animation

From this reading After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

excursionnounUS /ɪkˈskɜːrʒən/

a journey taken for pleasure

From this reading After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.

executionnounUS /ˌeksəˈkjuːʃən/

putting a condemned person to death

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

famenounUS /feɪm/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

FORprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

FUTUREadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Injun had spent all his life in adventure, and while it was nothing new to him, it had become a sort of second nature, and made the limitations of even semi-civilization irksome.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

immediateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːət/

of the present time and place

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

Injunnoun

(slang) offensive term for Native Americans

From this reading Injun had spent all his life in adventure, and while it was nothing new to him, it had become a sort of second nature, and made the limitations of even semi-civilization irksome.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.

irksomeadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrksəm/

so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness

From this reading Injun had spent all his life in adventure, and while it was nothing new to him, it had become a sort of second nature, and made the limitations of even semi-civilization irksome.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

jailnounUS /dʒeɪl/

a correctional institution used to detain persons who are in the lawful custody of the government (either accused persons awaiting trial or convicted persons serving a sentence)

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

lackedverbUS /lækt/

past form of “lack” — be without

From this reading After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.

laurelsnounUS /ˈlɔːrəlz/

a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

limitationsnounUS /ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “limitation” — a principle that limits the extent of something

From this reading Injun had spent all his life in adventure, and while it was nothing new to him, it had become a sort of second nature, and made the limitations of even semi-civilization irksome.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Injun had spent all his life in adventure, and while it was nothing new to him, it had become a sort of second nature, and made the limitations of even semi-civilization irksome.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Injun had spent all his life in adventure, and while it was nothing new to him, it had become a sort of second nature, and made the limitations of even semi-civilization irksome.

neighborhoodnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.

NorsemennounUS /ˈnɔːrsmɪn/

plural of “norseman” — a native or inhabitant of Norway

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Injun had spent all his life in adventure, and while it was nothing new to him, it had become a sort of second nature, and made the limitations of even semi-civilization irksome.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

Pedro

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

PLANSnounUS /plænz/

plural of “plan” — a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.

ranchnounUS /ræntʃ/

farm consisting of a large tract of land along with facilities needed to raise livestock (especially cattle)

From this reading After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

sailverbUS /seɪl/

traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

satisfiedadjectiveUS /ˈsætəsfaɪd/

filled with satisfaction

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

seasnounUS /siːz/

plural of “sea” — a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Injun had spent all his life in adventure, and while it was nothing new to him, it had become a sort of second nature, and made the limitations of even semi-civilization irksome.

semi-civilization

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Injun had spent all his life in adventure, and while it was nothing new to him, it had become a sort of second nature, and made the limitations of even semi-civilization irksome.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading Injun had spent all his life in adventure, and while it was nothing new to him, it had become a sort of second nature, and made the limitations of even semi-civilization irksome.

soughtadjectiveUS /sɔːt/

that is looked for

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading Injun had spent all his life in adventure, and while it was nothing new to him, it had become a sort of second nature, and made the limitations of even semi-civilization irksome.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.

tasteverbUS /teɪst/

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

unsuspectedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnsəˈspektɪd/

not suspected or believed likely

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

vesselsnounUS /ˈvesəlz/

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.

WhiteynounUS /ˈwaɪtiː/

(slang) offensive names for a White man

From this reading After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

wide-spread

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

wildsnounUS /waɪldz/

plural of “wild” — a wild primitive state untouched by civilization

From this reading After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is the spirit of adventure, of dissatisfaction with things as they are, that is at the bottom of all great discoveries and of all progress.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

WorldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

worldsnounUS /wɜːrldz/

plural of “world” — everything that exists anywhere

From this reading And although the boys had gained a wide-spread fame on account of their capture of the desperate Pedro, who was even then in jail awaiting the day of his execution, they did not like to rest on their laurels, but, like Alexander, sought for "new worlds to conquer."

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading PLANS FOR THE FUTURE If Columbus, or the early Norsemen, or who ever it was that first discovered America, had been satisfied to sail vessels within the confines of the known seas in their immediate neighborhood, the existence of this great continent would have remained unsuspected by the people of the Old World.

zestnounUS /zest/

vigorous and enthusiastic enjoyment

From this reading After their excursion into the wilds, the life on the ranch, while by no means dull, lacked the zest of adventure and discovery, of which they or, rather, Whitey, at least, had had a taste.

Chapter 31 of The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey" by William S. (William Surrey) Hart holds 49 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey" contain?

Chapter 31 holds 49 sentences of The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey", unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey" by William S. (William Surrey) Hart exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 49 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey"?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey"

Common questions about reading The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey" by William S. (William Surrey) Hart on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey"

Words and structures a reader meets early in The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey", each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The golden west boys, "Injun" and "Whitey", divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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