Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The grandfathers' war
The grandfathers' war

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The grandfathers' war is here in full — 477 sentences across 96 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The grandfathers' war
Context Illustration Reading 1/95 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
This etext was produced from Astounding Science Fiction October 1957
Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]
No man can be fully efficient if he expects praise or appreciation for what he does.
The uncertainty of this reward, as experienced, leads to modification of one’s actions to increase its probability....
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The grandfathers' war

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The grandfathers' war is here in full — 477 sentences across 96 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/95 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
This etext was produced from Astounding Science Fiction October 1957
Line 2
Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]
Line 3
Line 4
No man can be fully efficient if he expects praise or appreciation for what he does.
/noʊ mæn kæn biː ˈfʊli ɪˈfɪʃənt ɪf hiː ɪkˈspekts preɪz ɔːr əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃən fɔːr wʌt hiː dʌz/
Line 5
The uncertainty of this reward, as experienced, leads to modification of one’s actions to increase its probability....

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Astounding adjective US /əˈstaʊndɪŋ/

bewildering or striking dumb with wonder

From this reading “This etext was produced from Astounding Science Fiction October 1957”

copyright noun US /ˈkɑːpiraɪt/

a document granting exclusive right to publish and sell literary or musical or artistic work

From this reading “Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]”

efficient adjective US /ɪˈfɪʃənt/

being effective without wasting time or effort or expense

From this reading “No man can be fully efficient if he expects praise or appreciation for what he does.”

expects verb US /ɪkˈspekts/

third-person singular of “expect” — regard something as probable or likely

From this reading “No man can be fully efficient if he expects praise or appreciation for what he does.”

modification noun US /ˌmɑːdəfəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment)

From this reading “The uncertainty of this reward, as experienced, leads to modification of one’s actions to increase its probability....”

research noun US /riˈsɜːrtʃ/

systematic investigation to establish facts

From this reading “Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]”

uncertainty noun US /ənˈsɜːrtənti/

being unsettled or in doubt or dependent on chance

From this reading “The uncertainty of this reward, as experienced, leads to modification of one’s actions to increase its probability....”

uncover verb US /ənˈkʌvər/

remove all or part of one's clothes to show one's body

From this reading “Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

any evidence adjective + noun

In this reading “Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1957

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This etext was produced from Astounding Science Fiction October 1957

actionsnounUS /ˈækʃənz/

plural of “action” — something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading The uncertainty of this reward, as experienced, leads to modification of one’s actions to increase its probability....

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]

appreciationnounUS /əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃən/

understanding of the nature or meaning or quality or magnitude of something

From this reading No man can be fully efficient if he expects praise or appreciation for what he does.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The uncertainty of this reward, as experienced, leads to modification of one’s actions to increase its probability....

AstoundingadjectiveUS /əˈstaʊndɪŋ/

bewildering or striking dumb with wonder

From this reading This etext was produced from Astounding Science Fiction October 1957

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading No man can be fully efficient if he expects praise or appreciation for what he does.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading No man can be fully efficient if he expects praise or appreciation for what he does.

copyrightnounUS /ˈkɑːpiraɪt/

a document granting exclusive right to publish and sell literary or musical or artistic work

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading No man can be fully efficient if he expects praise or appreciation for what he does.

efficientadjectiveUS /ɪˈfɪʃənt/

being effective without wasting time or effort or expense

From this reading No man can be fully efficient if he expects praise or appreciation for what he does.

etext

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This etext was produced from Astounding Science Fiction October 1957

evidencenounUS /ˈevədəns/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]

expectsverbUS /ɪkˈspekts/

third-person singular of “expect” — regard something as probable or likely

From this reading No man can be fully efficient if he expects praise or appreciation for what he does.

experiencedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspɪriənst/

having experience; having knowledge or skill from observation or participation

From this reading The uncertainty of this reward, as experienced, leads to modification of one’s actions to increase its probability....

ExtensiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstensɪv/

large in spatial extent or range or scope or quantity

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]

FictionnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading This etext was produced from Astounding Science Fiction October 1957

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading No man can be fully efficient if he expects praise or appreciation for what he does.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading This etext was produced from Astounding Science Fiction October 1957

fullyadverbUS /ˈfʊli/

to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (“full” in this sense is used as a combining form)

From this reading No man can be fully efficient if he expects praise or appreciation for what he does.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading No man can be fully efficient if he expects praise or appreciation for what he does.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading No man can be fully efficient if he expects praise or appreciation for what he does.

increasenounUS /ˌɪnˈkriːs/

a quantity that is added

From this reading The uncertainty of this reward, as experienced, leads to modification of one’s actions to increase its probability....

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The uncertainty of this reward, as experienced, leads to modification of one’s actions to increase its probability....

leadsnounUS /liːdz/

plural of “lead” — an advantage held by a competitor in a race

From this reading The uncertainty of this reward, as experienced, leads to modification of one’s actions to increase its probability....

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading No man can be fully efficient if he expects praise or appreciation for what he does.

modificationnounUS /ˌmɑːdəfəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment)

From this reading The uncertainty of this reward, as experienced, leads to modification of one’s actions to increase its probability....

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No man can be fully efficient if he expects praise or appreciation for what he does.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading This etext was produced from Astounding Science Fiction October 1957

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The uncertainty of this reward, as experienced, leads to modification of one’s actions to increase its probability....

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]

one's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The uncertainty of this reward, as experienced, leads to modification of one’s actions to increase its probability....

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading No man can be fully efficient if he expects praise or appreciation for what he does.

praisenounUS /preɪz/

an expression of approval and commendation

From this reading No man can be fully efficient if he expects praise or appreciation for what he does.

probabilitynounUS /ˌprɑːbəˈbɪlətiː/

a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible

From this reading The uncertainty of this reward, as experienced, leads to modification of one’s actions to increase its probability....

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading This etext was produced from Astounding Science Fiction October 1957

publicationnounUS /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən/

a copy of a printed work offered for distribution

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]

renewedadjectiveUS /rɪˈnuːd/

restored to a new condition

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]

researchnounUS /riˈsɜːrtʃ/

systematic investigation to establish facts

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]

rewardnounUS /rɪˈwɔːrd/

a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing

From this reading The uncertainty of this reward, as experienced, leads to modification of one’s actions to increase its probability....

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]

SciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading This etext was produced from Astounding Science Fiction October 1957

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This etext was produced from Astounding Science Fiction October 1957

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The uncertainty of this reward, as experienced, leads to modification of one’s actions to increase its probability....

UnounUS /juː/

a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]

uncertaintynounUS /ənˈsɜːrtənti/

being unsettled or in doubt or dependent on chance

From this reading The uncertainty of this reward, as experienced, leads to modification of one’s actions to increase its probability....

uncoververbUS /ənˈkʌvər/

remove all or part of one's clothes to show one's body

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This etext was produced from Astounding Science Fiction October 1957

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading No man can be fully efficient if he expects praise or appreciation for what he does.

Chapter 1 of The grandfathers' war by Murray Leinster holds 477 sentences, grouped into 96 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The grandfathers' war contain?

Chapter 1 holds 477 sentences of The grandfathers' war, unabridged, divided into 96 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The grandfathers' war by Murray Leinster exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 477 sentences, grouped into 96 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The grandfathers' war?

Work through the 96 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 96 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The grandfathers' war

Common questions about reading The grandfathers' war by Murray Leinster on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The grandfathers' war?

Yes. All 1895 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70610 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The grandfathers' war is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70610, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The grandfathers' war take to read?

About 157 minutes of reading across 379 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The grandfathers' war section by section

How to work through The grandfathers' war section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of The grandfathers' war to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The grandfathers' war

Words and structures a reader meets early in The grandfathers' war, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Etext
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The grandfathers' war; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Produced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The grandfathers' war; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Astounding
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The grandfathers' war; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Science
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The grandfathers' war; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.