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The Gray Dawn
The Gray Dawn

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Gray Dawn is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
They, and the classes they directly and indirectly encouraged, had at last brought the city fairly on the financial rocks.
There was no more revenue.
Everything taxable had been taxed.
The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.
Still that was not enough.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Gray Dawn

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Gray Dawn is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
They, and the classes they directly and indirectly encouraged, had at last brought the city fairly on the financial rocks.
/ðeɪ ənd ðə ˈklæsəz ðeɪ dərˈektli ənd ˌɪndərˈektliː enˈkɜːrɪdʒd hæd æt læst brɔːt ðə ˈsɪti ˈferli ɑːn ðə fəˈnænʃəl rɑːks/
Line 2
There was no more revenue.
/ðer wɑːz noʊ mɔːr ˈrevənuː/
Line 3
Everything taxable had been taxed.
/ˈevriθɪŋ ˈtæksəbəl hæd bɪn tækst/
Line 4
The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.
Line 5
Still that was not enough.
/stɪl ðæt wɑːz nɑːt ɪˈnʌf/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bankers noun US /ˈbæŋkərz/

plural of “banker” — a financier who owns or is an executive in a bank

From this reading “The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.”

brokers noun US /ˈbroʊkərz/

plural of “broker” — a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission

From this reading “The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.”

incorporations noun US /ˌɪnkɔːrpərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “incorporation” — consolidating two or more things; union in (or into) one body

From this reading “The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.”

indirectly adverb US /ˌɪndərˈektliː/

not in a forthright manner

From this reading “They, and the classes they directly and indirectly encouraged, had at last brought the city fairly on the financial rocks.”

levied verb US /ˈlevid/

inflected form of “levy” — impose and collect

From this reading “The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.”

poll noun US /poʊl/

an inquiry into public opinion conducted by interviewing a random sample of people

From this reading “The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.”

taxable adjective US /ˈtæksəbəl/

(of goods or funds) subject to taxation

From this reading “Everything taxable had been taxed.”

valuation noun US /væljuːˈeɪʃən/

an appraisal of the value of something

From this reading “The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

actualadjectiveUS /ˈæktʃəwəl/

presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They, and the classes they directly and indirectly encouraged, had at last brought the city fairly on the financial rocks.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading They, and the classes they directly and indirectly encouraged, had at last brought the city fairly on the financial rocks.

bankersnounUS /ˈbæŋkərz/

plural of “banker” — a financier who owns or is an executive in a bank

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Everything taxable had been taxed.

brokersnounUS /ˈbroʊkərz/

plural of “broker” — a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading They, and the classes they directly and indirectly encouraged, had at last brought the city fairly on the financial rocks.

centnounUS /sent/

a fractional monetary unit of several countries

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading They, and the classes they directly and indirectly encouraged, had at last brought the city fairly on the financial rocks.

classesnounUS /ˈklæsəz/

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading They, and the classes they directly and indirectly encouraged, had at last brought the city fairly on the financial rocks.

directlyadverbUS /dərˈektli/

without deviation

From this reading They, and the classes they directly and indirectly encouraged, had at last brought the city fairly on the financial rocks.

encouragedadjectiveUS /enˈkɜːrɪdʒd/

inspired with confidence

From this reading They, and the classes they directly and indirectly encouraged, had at last brought the city fairly on the financial rocks.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Still that was not enough.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

EverythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading Everything taxable had been taxed.

fairlyadverbUS /ˈferli/

to certain extent or degree

From this reading They, and the classes they directly and indirectly encouraged, had at last brought the city fairly on the financial rocks.

financialadjectiveUS /fəˈnænʃəl/

involving financial matters

From this reading They, and the classes they directly and indirectly encouraged, had at last brought the city fairly on the financial rocks.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

freightnounUS /freɪt/

goods carried by a large vehicle

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They, and the classes they directly and indirectly encouraged, had at last brought the city fairly on the financial rocks.

heavilyadverbUS /ˈhevəli/

to a considerable degree

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

hotelnounUS /hoʊˈtel/

a building where travelers can pay for lodging and meals and other services

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

incorporationsnounUS /ˌɪnkɔːrpərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “incorporation” — consolidating two or more things; union in (or into) one body

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

indirectlyadverbUS /ˌɪndərˈektliː/

not in a forthright manner

From this reading They, and the classes they directly and indirectly encouraged, had at last brought the city fairly on the financial rocks.

industrynounUS /ˈɪndəstri/

the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

keepersnounUS /ˈkiːpərz/

plural of “keeper” — someone in charge of other people

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading They, and the classes they directly and indirectly encouraged, had at last brought the city fairly on the financial rocks.

leviedverbUS /ˈlevid/

inflected form of “levy” — impose and collect

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

merchantsnounUS /ˈmɜːrtʃənts/

plural of “merchant” — a businessperson engaged in retail trade

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

minersnounUS /ˈmaɪnərz/

plural of “miner” — laborer who works in a mine

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading There was no more revenue.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There was no more revenue.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Still that was not enough.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They, and the classes they directly and indirectly encouraged, had at last brought the city fairly on the financial rocks.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

perprepositionUS /pɜːr/

for each

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

pollnounUS /poʊl/

an inquiry into public opinion conducted by interviewing a random sample of people

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

revenuenounUS /ˈrevənuː/

the entire amount of income before any deductions are made

From this reading There was no more revenue.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading They, and the classes they directly and indirectly encouraged, had at last brought the city fairly on the financial rocks.

StilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Still that was not enough.

taxverbUS /tæks/

levy a tax on

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

taxableadjectiveUS /ˈtæksəbəl/

(of goods or funds) subject to taxation

From this reading Everything taxable had been taxed.

taxedverbUS /tækst/

past form of “tax” — levy a tax on

From this reading Everything taxable had been taxed.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Still that was not enough.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading They, and the classes they directly and indirectly encouraged, had at last brought the city fairly on the financial rocks.

theatresnounUS /ˈθiːətərz/

plural of “theatre” — a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was no more revenue.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They, and the classes they directly and indirectly encouraged, had at last brought the city fairly on the financial rocks.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

valuationnounUS /væljuːˈeɪʃən/

an appraisal of the value of something

From this reading The poll tax was out of all reason; property paid 4 per cent. on an actual valuation; theatres, bankers, brokers, freight, miners, merchants, hotel, keepers, incorporations, every form of industry was levied upon heavily.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was no more revenue.

Chapter 12 of The Gray Dawn by Stewart Edward White holds 403 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The Gray Dawn contain?

Chapter 12 holds 403 sentences of The Gray Dawn, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The Gray Dawn by Stewart Edward White exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 403 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The Gray Dawn?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Gray Dawn

Common questions about reading The Gray Dawn by Stewart Edward White on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Gray Dawn?

Yes. All 8400 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9149 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Gray Dawn is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9149, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Gray Dawn take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1680 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Gray Dawn section by section

How to work through The Gray Dawn section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of The Gray Dawn to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Gray Dawn

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Gray Dawn, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Moved
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gray Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Leaving
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gray Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Morrell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gray Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Alone
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Gray Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.