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The Great War in England in 1897
The Great War in England in 1897

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of The Great War in England in 1897 is here in full — 134 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
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FALL OF BIRMINGHAM.
The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.
No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.
From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.
Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Great War in England in 1897

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of The Great War in England in 1897 is here in full — 134 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FALL OF BIRMINGHAM.
/fɔːl ʌv ˈbɜːrmɪŋhæm/
Line 2
The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.
/ðə ˈbætəl ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈbɜːrmɪŋhæm wɑːz lɔːŋ fɪrs ənd ˈfjʊriəs/
Line 3
No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.
/noʊ mɔːr ˈdespərətli kənˈtestəd enˈɡeɪdʒmənt hæd ˈevər əˈkɜːrd ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri ʌv ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈempaɪər/
Line 4
From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.
/frʌm ðə ˈveri fɜːrst ˈmoʊmənt ʌv ðə faɪt ɪt wɑːz əˈperənt ðæt ðə ˈstrʌɡəl wʊd biː ə ˈfɪrfəl wʌn boʊθ saɪdz pəˈzesɪŋ ædˈvæntɪdʒɪz ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ baɪ ˈriːzən ʌv ðə mæɡˈnɪfəsənt dɪˈfensɪv pəˈzɪʃənz ðeɪ ˈɑːkjəpaɪd ənd ðə ˈrʌʃənz baɪ ˈriːzən ʌv ðer ˌoʊvərˈwelmɪŋ ˈnʌmbərz/
Line 5
Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

birmingham noun US /ˈbɜːrmɪŋhæm/

the largest city in Alabama; located in northeastern Alabama

From this reading “FALL OF BIRMINGHAM.”

contested adjective US /kənˈtestəd/

disputed or made the object of contention or competition

From this reading “No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.”

defending adjective US /dɪˈfendɪŋ/

attempting to or designed to prevent an opponent from winning or scoring

From this reading “Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.”

defensive adjective US /dɪˈfensɪv/

intended or appropriate for defending against or deterring aggression or attack

From this reading “From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.”

invaders noun US /ˌɪnˈveɪdərz/

plural of “invader” — someone who enters by force in order to conquer

From this reading “Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.”

positions noun US /pəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “position” — the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading “From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.”

possessing verb US /pəˈzesɪŋ/

-ing form of “possess” — have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading “From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.”

Russians noun US /ˈrʌʃənz/

plural of “russian” — a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading “From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

overwhelming numbers adjective + noun

In this reading “From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.”

by reason preposition + noun

In this reading “From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.”

first moment adjective + noun

the sum of the values of a random variable divided by the number of values

In this reading “From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

150,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

50,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

advantagesnounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒɪz/

plural of “advantage” — the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

AgainstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.

apparentadjectiveUS /əˈperənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

BIRMINGHAMnounUS /ˈbɜːrmɪŋhæm/

the largest city in Alabama; located in northeastern Alabama

From this reading FALL OF BIRMINGHAM.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

combatnounUS /ˈkɑːmbæt/

an engagement fought between two military forces

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

contestedadjectiveUS /kənˈtestəd/

disputed or made the object of contention or competition

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

deadlyadjectiveUS /ˈdedli/

causing or capable of causing death

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

defendingadjectiveUS /dɪˈfendɪŋ/

attempting to or designed to prevent an opponent from winning or scoring

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

defensiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈfensɪv/

intended or appropriate for defending against or deterring aggression or attack

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

desperatelyadverbUS /ˈdespərətli/

with great urgency

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

EmpirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

engagementnounUS /enˈɡeɪdʒmənt/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

FALLverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading FALL OF BIRMINGHAM.

fearfuladjectiveUS /ˈfɪrfəl/

experiencing or showing fear

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

fierceadjectiveUS /fɪrs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

furiousadjectiveUS /ˈfjʊriəs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

invadersnounUS /ˌɪnˈveɪdərz/

plural of “invader” — someone who enters by force in order to conquer

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.

magnificentadjectiveUS /mæɡˈnɪfəsənt/

characterized by grandeur

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

majoritynounUS /məˈdʒɔːrəti/

the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main part

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

necessarilyadverbUS /ˌnesəˈserəli/

in an essential manner

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

occurredverbUS /əˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading No more desperately contested engagement had ever occurred in the history of the British Empire.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading FALL OF BIRMINGHAM.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.

overwhelmingadjectiveUS /ˌoʊvərˈwelmɪŋ/

so strong as to be irresistible

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

positionsnounUS /pəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “position” — the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

possessingverbUS /pəˈzesɪŋ/

-ing form of “possess” — have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

RussiansnounUS /ˈrʌʃənz/

plural of “russian” — a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The battle outside Birmingham was long, fierce, and furious.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Against a defending force of 50,000 of all arms, 150,000 invaders--the majority of whom were Russians--were now fighting, and the combat was necessarily long and deadly.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading From the very first moment of the fight it was apparent that the struggle would be a fearful one, both sides possessing advantages; the British by reason of the magnificent defensive positions they occupied, and the Russians by reason of their overwhelming numbers.

Chapter 19 of The Great War in England in 1897 by William Le Queux holds 134 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of The Great War in England in 1897 contain?

Chapter 19 holds 134 sentences of The Great War in England in 1897, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of The Great War in England in 1897 by William Le Queux exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 134 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of The Great War in England in 1897?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in The Great War in England in 1897

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Great War in England in 1897, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First
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Edition
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Second
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Third
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Great War in England in 1897; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.