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The Great White Army
The Great White Army

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Great White Army is here in full — 385 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Great White Army
Context Illustration Reading 1/77 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
London, New York, Toronto & Melbourne LONDON, NEW YORK, TORONTO AND MELBOURNE.
_The greatest military tragedy in history is the retreat of Napoleon's Grand Army from Moscow.
Napoleon set out to invade Russia in the spring of the year 1812.
In the month of June 600,000 men crossed the River Niemen.
Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Great White Army

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Great White Army is here in full — 385 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/77 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
London, New York, Toronto & Melbourne LONDON, NEW YORK, TORONTO AND MELBOURNE.
/ˈlʌndən nuː jɔːrk tərˈɑːntoʊ ˈmelbərn ˈlʌndən nuː jɔːrk tərˈɑːntoʊ ənd ˈmelbərn/
Line 2
_The greatest military tragedy in history is the retreat of Napoleon's Grand Army from Moscow.
/ðə ˈɡreɪtəst ˈmɪləteri ˈtrædʒədi ɪn ˈhɪstəri ɪz ðə riˈtriːt ʌv nəˈpoʊliənz ɡrænd ˈɑːrmi frʌm ˈmɑːskoʊ/
Line 3
Napoleon set out to invade Russia in the spring of the year 1812.
Line 4
In the month of June 600,000 men crossed the River Niemen.
Line 5
Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

famished adjective US /ˈfæmɪʃt/

extremely hungry

From this reading “Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.”

fidelity noun US /fəˈdeləti/

accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal

From this reading “Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.”

invade verb US /ˌɪnˈveɪd/

march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

From this reading “Napoleon set out to invade Russia in the spring of the year 1812.”

Melbourne noun US /ˈmelbərn/

a resort town in east central Florida

From this reading “London, New York, Toronto & Melbourne LONDON, NEW YORK, TORONTO AND MELBOURNE.”

Moscow noun US /ˈmɑːskoʊ/

a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation

From this reading “_The greatest military tragedy in history is the retreat of Napoleon's Grand Army from Moscow.”

Napoleon's noun US /nəˈpoʊliənz/

possessive form of “napoleon” — French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading “_The greatest military tragedy in history is the retreat of Napoleon's Grand Army from Moscow.”

pens noun US /penz/

plural of “pen” — a writing implement with a point from which ink flows

From this reading “Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.”

Toronto noun US /tərˈɑːntoʊ/

the provincial capital and largest city in Ontario (and the largest city in Canada)

From this reading “London, New York, Toronto & Melbourne LONDON, NEW YORK, TORONTO AND MELBOURNE.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

across the Bridge preposition + article + noun counted as “across … bridge”

In this reading “Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.”

vast army adjective + noun

In this reading “Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.”

set out verb + adjective

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

In this reading “Napoleon set out to invade Russia in the spring of the year 1812.”

staggered across verb + particle counted as “stagger across”

In this reading “Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1812

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Napoleon set out to invade Russia in the spring of the year 1812.

20,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

600,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the month of June 600,000 men crossed the River Niemen.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading London, New York, Toronto & Melbourne LONDON, NEW YORK, TORONTO AND MELBOURNE.

ArmynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading _The greatest military tragedy in history is the retreat of Napoleon's Grand Army from Moscow.

BridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading In the month of June 600,000 men crossed the River Niemen.

DecembernounUS /dɪˈsembər/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

detailsnounUS /dɪˈteɪlz/

true confidential information

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

famishedadjectiveUS /ˈfæmɪʃt/

extremely hungry

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

fidelitynounUS /fəˈdeləti/

accuracy with which an electronic system reproduces the sound or image of its input signal

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _The greatest military tragedy in history is the retreat of Napoleon's Grand Army from Moscow.

frost-bitten

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

GrandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading _The greatest military tragedy in history is the retreat of Napoleon's Grand Army from Moscow.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading _The greatest military tragedy in history is the retreat of Napoleon's Grand Army from Moscow.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading _The greatest military tragedy in history is the retreat of Napoleon's Grand Army from Moscow.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _The greatest military tragedy in history is the retreat of Napoleon's Grand Army from Moscow.

invadeverbUS /ˌɪnˈveɪd/

march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

From this reading Napoleon set out to invade Russia in the spring of the year 1812.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _The greatest military tragedy in history is the retreat of Napoleon's Grand Army from Moscow.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading In the month of June 600,000 men crossed the River Niemen.

Kovnonoun

a city in central Lithuania

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading London, New York, Toronto & Melbourne LONDON, NEW YORK, TORONTO AND MELBOURNE.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

MelbournenounUS /ˈmelbərn/

a resort town in east central Florida

From this reading London, New York, Toronto & Melbourne LONDON, NEW YORK, TORONTO AND MELBOURNE.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading In the month of June 600,000 men crossed the River Niemen.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading _The greatest military tragedy in history is the retreat of Napoleon's Grand Army from Moscow.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading In the month of June 600,000 men crossed the River Niemen.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

MoscownounUS /ˈmɑːskoʊ/

a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation

From this reading _The greatest military tragedy in history is the retreat of Napoleon's Grand Army from Moscow.

NapoleonnounUS /nəˈpoʊliən/

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading Napoleon set out to invade Russia in the spring of the year 1812.

Napoleon'snounUS /nəˈpoʊliənz/

possessive form of “napoleon” — French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

From this reading _The greatest military tragedy in history is the retreat of Napoleon's Grand Army from Moscow.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading London, New York, Toronto & Melbourne LONDON, NEW YORK, TORONTO AND MELBOURNE.

Niemen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the month of June 600,000 men crossed the River Niemen.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _The greatest military tragedy in history is the retreat of Napoleon's Grand Army from Moscow.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Napoleon set out to invade Russia in the spring of the year 1812.

pensnounUS /penz/

plural of “pen” — a writing implement with a point from which ink flows

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

retreatnounUS /riˈtriːt/

(military) withdrawal of troops to a more favorable position to escape the enemy's superior forces or after a defeat

From this reading _The greatest military tragedy in history is the retreat of Napoleon's Grand Army from Moscow.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading In the month of June 600,000 men crossed the River Niemen.

RussianounUS /ˈrʌʃə/

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

From this reading Napoleon set out to invade Russia in the spring of the year 1812.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Napoleon set out to invade Russia in the spring of the year 1812.

spectres

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading Napoleon set out to invade Russia in the spring of the year 1812.

staggeredverbUS /ˈstæɡərd/

past form of “stagger” — walk as if unable to control one's movements

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _The greatest military tragedy in history is the retreat of Napoleon's Grand Army from Moscow.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Napoleon set out to invade Russia in the spring of the year 1812.

TorontonounUS /tərˈɑːntoʊ/

the provincial capital and largest city in Ontario (and the largest city in Canada)

From this reading London, New York, Toronto & Melbourne LONDON, NEW YORK, TORONTO AND MELBOURNE.

tragedynounUS /ˈtrædʒədi/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading _The greatest military tragedy in history is the retreat of Napoleon's Grand Army from Moscow.

unsurpassableadjective

not to be exceeded

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Of this vast army, but 20,000 "famished, frost-bitten spectres" staggered across the Bridge of Kovno in the month of December._ _Many pens have described, with more or less fidelity, the details of this unsurpassable tragedy.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Napoleon set out to invade Russia in the spring of the year 1812.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading London, New York, Toronto & Melbourne LONDON, NEW YORK, TORONTO AND MELBOURNE.

Chapter 1 of The Great White Army by Max Pemberton holds 385 sentences, grouped into 77 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Great White Army contain?

Chapter 1 holds 385 sentences of The Great White Army, unabridged, divided into 77 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Great White Army by Max Pemberton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 385 sentences, grouped into 77 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Great White Army?

Work through the 77 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 77 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Great White Army

Common questions about reading The Great White Army by Max Pemberton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Great White Army?

Yes. All 3734 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #35540 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Great White Army is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #35540, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Great White Army take to read?

About 311 minutes of reading across 747 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Great White Army section by section

How to work through The Great White Army section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Great White Army

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Great White Army, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Great White Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Toronto
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Great White Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Melbourne
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Great White Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Greatest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Great White Army; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.