Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Greatest English Classic A Study of the
The Greatest English Classic A Study of the

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the is here in full — 120 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Greatest English Classic A Study of the
Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Do not misunderstand the argument.
No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.
We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.
Whatever the histories a century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have named, it is certain that they have influenced the movements mightily.
The literary histories will say nothing at all about them.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Greatest English Classic A Study of the

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the is here in full — 120 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Do not misunderstand the argument.
/duː nɑːt ˌmɪsəndərˈstænd ðə ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/
Line 2
No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.
/noʊ mæn kæn tel wʌt wɪl biː sed ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəriz ə ˈsentʃəri frʌm naʊ əˈbaʊt ðiːz ˈlesər bʊks/
Line 3
We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.
Line 4
Whatever the histories a century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have named, it is certain that they have influenced the movements mightily.
/ˌwʌˈtevər ðə ˈhɪstəriz ə ˈsentʃəri frʌm naʊ seɪ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈrelətɪv pleɪs ʌv sʌtʃ bʊks æz wiː hæv neɪmd ɪt ɪz ˈsɜːrtən ðæt ðeɪ hæv ˈɪnfluːənst ðə ˈmuːvmənts ˈmaɪtəli/
Line 5
The literary histories will say nothing at all about them.
/ðə ˈlɪtəreri ˈhɪstəriz wɪl seɪ ˈnʌθɪŋ æt ɔːl əˈbaʊt ðem/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

elements noun US /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading “We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.”

guesses noun US /ˈɡesəz/

plural of “guess” — a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading “We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.”

histories noun US /ˈhɪstəriz/

plural of “history” — the aggregate of past events

From this reading “No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.”

incidental adjective US /ˌɪnsɪˈdentəl/

(sometimes followed by “to”) minor or casual or subordinate in significance or nature or occurring as a chance concomitant or consequence

From this reading “We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.”

influenced verb US /ˈɪnfluːənst/

past form of “influence” — have and exert influence or effect

From this reading “Whatever the histories a century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have named, it is certain that they have influenced the movements mightily.”

lesser adjective US /ˈlesər/

of less size or importance

From this reading “No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.”

mightily adverb US /ˈmaɪtəli/

powerfully or vigorously

From this reading “Whatever the histories a century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have named, it is certain that they have influenced the movements mightily.”

misunderstand verb US /ˌmɪsəndərˈstænd/

interpret in the wrong way

From this reading “Do not misunderstand the argument.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The literary histories will say nothing at all about them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

argumentnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading Do not misunderstand the argument.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The literary histories will say nothing at all about them.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

causesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Whatever the histories a century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have named, it is certain that they have influenced the movements mightily.

chainnounUS /tʃeɪn/

a series of things depending on each other as if linked together

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

Doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Do not misunderstand the argument.

elementsnounUS /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

guessesnounUS /ˈɡesəz/

plural of “guess” — a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Whatever the histories a century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have named, it is certain that they have influenced the movements mightily.

historiesnounUS /ˈhɪstəriz/

plural of “history” — the aggregate of past events

From this reading No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.

horizonnounUS /hərˈaɪzən/

the line at which the sky and Earth appear to meet

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.

incidentaladjectiveUS /ˌɪnsɪˈdentəl/

(sometimes followed by “to”) minor or casual or subordinate in significance or nature or occurring as a chance concomitant or consequence

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

influencedverbUS /ˈɪnfluːənst/

past form of “influence” — have and exert influence or effect

From this reading Whatever the histories a century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have named, it is certain that they have influenced the movements mightily.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Whatever the histories a century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have named, it is certain that they have influenced the movements mightily.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Whatever the histories a century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have named, it is certain that they have influenced the movements mightily.

lesseradjectiveUS /ˈlesər/

of less size or importance

From this reading No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading The literary histories will say nothing at all about them.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.

mightilyadverbUS /ˈmaɪtəli/

powerfully or vigorously

From this reading Whatever the histories a century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have named, it is certain that they have influenced the movements mightily.

misunderstandverbUS /ˌmɪsəndərˈstænd/

interpret in the wrong way

From this reading Do not misunderstand the argument.

movementsnounUS /ˈmuːvmənts/

plural of “movement” — a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading Whatever the histories a century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have named, it is certain that they have influenced the movements mightily.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Whatever the histories a century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have named, it is certain that they have influenced the movements mightily.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Do not misunderstand the argument.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading The literary histories will say nothing at all about them.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

passesnounUS /ˈpæsəz/

plural of “pass” — (baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Whatever the histories a century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have named, it is certain that they have influenced the movements mightily.

relativenounUS /ˈrelətɪv/

a person related by blood or marriage

From this reading Whatever the histories a century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have named, it is certain that they have influenced the movements mightily.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Whatever the histories a century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have named, it is certain that they have influenced the movements mightily.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

sinkverbUS /sɪŋk/

fall or descend to a lower place or level

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Whatever the histories a century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have named, it is certain that they have influenced the movements mightily.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Whatever the histories a century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have named, it is certain that they have influenced the movements mightily.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Do not misunderstand the argument.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The literary histories will say nothing at all about them.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Whatever the histories a century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have named, it is certain that they have influenced the movements mightily.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.

WhateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading Whatever the histories a century from now say about the relative place of such books as we have named, it is certain that they have influenced the movements mightily.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading We can never go beyond guesses as to the whole cause of any chain of events.[1] As time passes, incidental elements in the causes gradually sink out of sight and a few great forces take the whole horizon.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading No man can tell what will be said in the histories a century from now about these lesser books.

Chapter 18 of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the by Cleland Boyd McAfee holds 120 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the contain?

Chapter 18 holds 120 sentences of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the by Cleland Boyd McAfee exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 120 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Greatest English Classic A Study of the

Common questions about reading The Greatest English Classic A Study of the by Cleland Boyd McAfee on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the?

Yes. All 2995 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1592 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1592, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Greatest English Classic A Study of the take to read?

About 249 minutes of reading across 599 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Greatest English Classic A Study of the section by section

How to work through The Greatest English Classic A Study of the section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Greatest English Classic A Study of the

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Greatest English Classic A Study of the, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Cleland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mcafee
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lectures
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Included
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.