Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Greatest English Classic A Study of the
The Greatest English Classic A Study of the

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the is here in full — 126 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Greatest English Classic A Study of the
Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The power of great souls is frequently and easily underestimated.
Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.
Buckle's theory of civilization has influenced our times greatly.
It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.
It is still true, however, that most history turns on biography.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Greatest English Classic A Study of the

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the is here in full — 126 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The power of great souls is frequently and easily underestimated.
/ðə ˈpaʊər ʌv ɡreɪt soʊlz ɪz ˈfriːkwəntli ənd ˈiːzəli ˈʌndərˈestəmeɪtɪd/
Line 2
Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.
/ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈstʌdi hæz ˈtendɪd tuː ðæt baɪ ˈmæɡnəfaɪɪŋ ˈvɪzəbəl kənˈdɪʃənz ənd baɪ ˈtraɪɪŋ tuː ˈkælkjəleɪt ðə fɔːrs ʌv lɔːz wɪtʃ ɑːr ɪn pleɪn saɪt/
Line 3
Buckle's theory of civilization has influenced our times greatly.
Line 4
It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.
/ɪt ɪkˈspleɪnz ˈnæʃənəl ˈkerɪktər æz ðə ˈaʊtkʌm ʌv ˈnætʃərəl kənˈdɪʃənz ənd leɪz sʌtʃ stres ɑːn ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz æz left ɪt ˈpɑːsəbəl fɔːr ˈbʌkəl tuː dɪˈkler ðæt ˈhɪstəri ənd baɪˈɑːɡrəfi ɑːr ɪn ˈdɪfərənt sfɪrz/
Line 5
It is still true, however, that most history turns on biography.
/ɪt ɪz stɪl truː ˌhaʊˈevər ðæt moʊst ˈhɪstəri tɜːrnz ɑːn baɪˈɑːɡrəfi/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

biography noun US /baɪˈɑːɡrəfi/

an account of the series of events making up a person's life

From this reading “It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.”

Buckle verb US /ˈbʌkəl/

fasten with a buckle or buckles

From this reading “Buckle's theory of civilization has influenced our times greatly.”

calculate verb US /ˈkælkjəleɪt/

make a mathematical calculation or computation

From this reading “Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.”

explains verb US /ɪkˈspleɪnz/

third-person singular of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading “It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.”

magnifying verb US /ˈmæɡnəfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “magnify” — increase in size, volume or significance

From this reading “Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.”

outcome noun US /ˈaʊtkʌm/

something that results

From this reading “It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.”

spheres noun US /sfɪrz/

plural of “sphere” — a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading “It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.”

underestimated verb US /ˈʌndərˈestəmeɪtɪd/

past form of “underestimate” — assign too low a value to

From this reading “The power of great souls is frequently and easily underestimated.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The power of great souls is frequently and easily underestimated.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

biographynounUS /baɪˈɑːɡrəfi/

an account of the series of events making up a person's life

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

BuckleverbUS /ˈbʌkəl/

fasten with a buckle or buckles

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

Buckle's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Buckle's theory of civilization has influenced our times greatly.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.

calculateverbUS /ˈkælkjəleɪt/

make a mathematical calculation or computation

From this reading Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading Buckle's theory of civilization has influenced our times greatly.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.

declareverbUS /dɪˈkler/

state emphatically and authoritatively

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading The power of great souls is frequently and easily underestimated.

explainsverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnz/

third-person singular of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading The power of great souls is frequently and easily underestimated.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The power of great souls is frequently and easily underestimated.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading Buckle's theory of civilization has influenced our times greatly.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading It is still true, however, that most history turns on biography.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.

influencedverbUS /ˈɪnfluːənst/

past form of “influence” — have and exert influence or effect

From this reading Buckle's theory of civilization has influenced our times greatly.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The power of great souls is frequently and easily underestimated.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.

laysnounUS /leɪz/

plural of “lay” — a narrative song with a recurrent refrain

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

magnifyingverbUS /ˈmæɡnəfaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “magnify” — increase in size, volume or significance

From this reading Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading It is still true, however, that most history turns on biography.

nationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The power of great souls is frequently and easily underestimated.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Buckle's theory of civilization has influenced our times greatly.

outcomenounUS /ˈaʊtkʌm/

something that results

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading The power of great souls is frequently and easily underestimated.

ScientificadjectiveUS /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

of or relating to the practice of science

From this reading Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.

soulsnounUS /soʊlz/

plural of “soul” — the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading The power of great souls is frequently and easily underestimated.

spheresnounUS /sfɪrz/

plural of “sphere” — a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading It is still true, however, that most history turns on biography.

stressnounUS /stres/

the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch)

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It explains national character as the outcome of natural conditions, and lays such stress on circumstances as left it possible for Buckle to declare that history and biography are in different spheres.

tendedverbUS /ˈtendɪd/

past form of “tend” — have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The power of great souls is frequently and easily underestimated.

theorynounUS /ˈθɪri/

a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading Buckle's theory of civilization has influenced our times greatly.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Buckle's theory of civilization has influenced our times greatly.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading It is still true, however, that most history turns on biography.

tryingadjectiveUS /ˈtraɪɪŋ/

hard to endure

From this reading Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.

turnsnounUS /tɜːrnz/

plural of “turn” — a circular segment of a curve

From this reading It is still true, however, that most history turns on biography.

underestimatedverbUS /ˈʌndərˈestəmeɪtɪd/

past form of “underestimate” — assign too low a value to

From this reading The power of great souls is frequently and easily underestimated.

visibleadjectiveUS /ˈvɪzəbəl/

capable of being seen; or open to easy view

From this reading Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Scientific study has tended to that by magnifying visible conditions and by trying to calculate the force of laws which are in plain sight.

Chapter 19 of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the by Cleland Boyd McAfee holds 126 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the contain?

Chapter 19 holds 126 sentences of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the by Cleland Boyd McAfee exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 126 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Greatest English Classic A Study of the

Common questions about reading The Greatest English Classic A Study of the by Cleland Boyd McAfee on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the?

Yes. All 2995 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1592 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1592, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Greatest English Classic A Study of the take to read?

About 249 minutes of reading across 599 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Greatest English Classic A Study of the section by section

How to work through The Greatest English Classic A Study of the section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Greatest English Classic A Study of the

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Greatest English Classic A Study of the, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Cleland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mcafee
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lectures
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Included
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Greatest English Classic A Study of the; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.