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The Guns of Bull Run
The Guns of Bull Run

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Guns of Bull Run is here in full — 320 sentences across 64 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/64 · 5 lines
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THE FIRST CAPITAL Harry and Arthur stood two days later upon the sea wall of Charleston.
Sumter rose up black and menacing in the clear wintry air.
The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.
The heart of Charleston, that most intense of all Southern cities, had given forth a great throb.
The Star of the West was coming from the North with provisions for the garrison of beleaguered Sumter.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Guns of Bull Run

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Guns of Bull Run is here in full — 320 sentences across 64 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/64 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE FIRST CAPITAL Harry and Arthur stood two days later upon the sea wall of Charleston.
/ðə fɜːrst ˈkæpətəl ˈheri ənd ˈɑːrθər stʊd tuː deɪz ˈleɪtər əˈpɑːn ðə siː wɔːl ʌv ˈtʃɑːrlstən/
Line 2
Sumter rose up black and menacing in the clear wintry air.
Line 3
The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.
/ðə ˈmʌzəlz ʌv ðə ˈkænən siːmd tuː pɔɪnt ˈɪntuː ðə ˈveri hɑːrt ʌv ðə ˈsɪti ənd ˈoʊvər ɪt æz ˈevər fluː ðə dɪˈfaɪənt flæɡ ðə red ənd bluː ˈbɜːrnɪŋ ɪn ˈvɪvəd ˈkʌlərz ɪn ðə θɪn ˈdʒænjuːeri ˈsʌnʃaɪn/
Line 4
The heart of Charleston, that most intense of all Southern cities, had given forth a great throb.
/ðə hɑːrt ʌv ˈtʃɑːrlstən ðæt moʊst ˌɪnˈtens ʌv ɔːl ˈsʌðərn ˈsɪtiz hæd ˈɡɪvən fɔːrθ ə ɡreɪt θrɑːb/
Line 5
The Star of the West was coming from the North with provisions for the garrison of beleaguered Sumter.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beleaguered verb US /bɪˈliːɡərd/

past form of “beleaguer” — annoy persistently

From this reading “The Star of the West was coming from the North with provisions for the garrison of beleaguered Sumter.”

Charleston noun US /ˈtʃɑːrlstən/

state capital of West Virginia in the central part of the state on the Kanawha river

From this reading “THE FIRST CAPITAL Harry and Arthur stood two days later upon the sea wall of Charleston.”

defiant adjective US /dɪˈfaɪənt/

boldly resisting authority or an opposing force

From this reading “The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.”

garrison noun US /ˈɡærɪsən/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading “The Star of the West was coming from the North with provisions for the garrison of beleaguered Sumter.”

menacing adjective US /ˈmenəsɪŋ/

threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments

From this reading “Sumter rose up black and menacing in the clear wintry air.”

muzzles noun US /ˈmʌzəlz/

plural of “muzzle” — the open circular discharging end of a gun

From this reading “The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.”

throb verb US /θrɑːb/

pulsate or pound with abnormal force

From this reading “The heart of Charleston, that most intense of all Southern cities, had given forth a great throb.”

wintry adjective US /ˈwɪntri/

characteristic of or occurring in winter

From this reading “Sumter rose up black and menacing in the clear wintry air.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The heart of Charleston, that most intense of all Southern cities, had given forth a great throb.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading Sumter rose up black and menacing in the clear wintry air.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The heart of Charleston, that most intense of all Southern cities, had given forth a great throb.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE FIRST CAPITAL Harry and Arthur stood two days later upon the sea wall of Charleston.

ArthurnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading THE FIRST CAPITAL Harry and Arthur stood two days later upon the sea wall of Charleston.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

beleagueredverbUS /bɪˈliːɡərd/

past form of “beleaguer” — annoy persistently

From this reading The Star of the West was coming from the North with provisions for the garrison of beleaguered Sumter.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading Sumter rose up black and menacing in the clear wintry air.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

burningnounUS /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of burning something

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

cannonnounUS /ˈkænən/

a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

CAPITALnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading THE FIRST CAPITAL Harry and Arthur stood two days later upon the sea wall of Charleston.

CharlestonnounUS /ˈtʃɑːrlstən/

state capital of West Virginia in the central part of the state on the Kanawha river

From this reading THE FIRST CAPITAL Harry and Arthur stood two days later upon the sea wall of Charleston.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The heart of Charleston, that most intense of all Southern cities, had given forth a great throb.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading Sumter rose up black and menacing in the clear wintry air.

colorsnounUS /ˈkʌlərz/

a flag that shows its nationality

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading The Star of the West was coming from the North with provisions for the garrison of beleaguered Sumter.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading THE FIRST CAPITAL Harry and Arthur stood two days later upon the sea wall of Charleston.

defiantadjectiveUS /dɪˈfaɪənt/

boldly resisting authority or an opposing force

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

FIRSTadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading THE FIRST CAPITAL Harry and Arthur stood two days later upon the sea wall of Charleston.

flagnounUS /flæɡ/

emblem usually consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth of distinctive design

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

flewverbUS /fluː/

inflected form of “fly” — travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Star of the West was coming from the North with provisions for the garrison of beleaguered Sumter.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The heart of Charleston, that most intense of all Southern cities, had given forth a great throb.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The Star of the West was coming from the North with provisions for the garrison of beleaguered Sumter.

garrisonnounUS /ˈɡærɪsən/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading The Star of the West was coming from the North with provisions for the garrison of beleaguered Sumter.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading The heart of Charleston, that most intense of all Southern cities, had given forth a great throb.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The heart of Charleston, that most intense of all Southern cities, had given forth a great throb.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The heart of Charleston, that most intense of all Southern cities, had given forth a great throb.

HarryverbUS /ˈheri/

annoy continually or chronically

From this reading THE FIRST CAPITAL Harry and Arthur stood two days later upon the sea wall of Charleston.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Sumter rose up black and menacing in the clear wintry air.

intenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtens/

possessing or displaying a distinctive feature to a heightened degree

From this reading The heart of Charleston, that most intense of all Southern cities, had given forth a great throb.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

JanuarynounUS /ˈdʒænjuːeri/

the first month of the year; begins 10 days after the winter solstice

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading THE FIRST CAPITAL Harry and Arthur stood two days later upon the sea wall of Charleston.

menacingadjectiveUS /ˈmenəsɪŋ/

threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments

From this reading Sumter rose up black and menacing in the clear wintry air.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The heart of Charleston, that most intense of all Southern cities, had given forth a great throb.

muzzlesnounUS /ˈmʌzəlz/

plural of “muzzle” — the open circular discharging end of a gun

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The Star of the West was coming from the North with provisions for the garrison of beleaguered Sumter.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE FIRST CAPITAL Harry and Arthur stood two days later upon the sea wall of Charleston.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

provisionsnounUS /prəˈvɪʒənz/

a stock or supply of foods

From this reading The Star of the West was coming from the North with provisions for the garrison of beleaguered Sumter.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading Sumter rose up black and menacing in the clear wintry air.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading THE FIRST CAPITAL Harry and Arthur stood two days later upon the sea wall of Charleston.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

SouthernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The heart of Charleston, that most intense of all Southern cities, had given forth a great throb.

StarnounUS /stɑːr/

(astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading The Star of the West was coming from the North with provisions for the garrison of beleaguered Sumter.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading THE FIRST CAPITAL Harry and Arthur stood two days later upon the sea wall of Charleston.

Sumter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sumter rose up black and menacing in the clear wintry air.

sunshinenounUS /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/

the rays of the sun

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The heart of Charleston, that most intense of all Southern cities, had given forth a great throb.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FIRST CAPITAL Harry and Arthur stood two days later upon the sea wall of Charleston.

thinadjectiveUS /θɪn/

Having little thickness or extent.

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

throbverbUS /θrɑːb/

pulsate or pound with abnormal force

From this reading The heart of Charleston, that most intense of all Southern cities, had given forth a great throb.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading THE FIRST CAPITAL Harry and Arthur stood two days later upon the sea wall of Charleston.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Sumter rose up black and menacing in the clear wintry air.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading THE FIRST CAPITAL Harry and Arthur stood two days later upon the sea wall of Charleston.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

vividadjectiveUS /ˈvɪvəd/

evoking lifelike images within the mind

From this reading The muzzles of the cannon seemed to point into the very heart of the city, and over it, as ever, flew the defiant flag, the red and blue burning in vivid colors in the thin January sunshine.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading THE FIRST CAPITAL Harry and Arthur stood two days later upon the sea wall of Charleston.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Star of the West was coming from the North with provisions for the garrison of beleaguered Sumter.

WestnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading The Star of the West was coming from the North with provisions for the garrison of beleaguered Sumter.

wintryadjectiveUS /ˈwɪntri/

characteristic of or occurring in winter

From this reading Sumter rose up black and menacing in the clear wintry air.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Star of the West was coming from the North with provisions for the garrison of beleaguered Sumter.

Chapter 3 of The Guns of Bull Run by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler holds 320 sentences, grouped into 64 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Guns of Bull Run contain?

Chapter 3 holds 320 sentences of The Guns of Bull Run, unabridged, divided into 64 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Guns of Bull Run by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 320 sentences, grouped into 64 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Guns of Bull Run?

Work through the 64 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 64 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Guns of Bull Run

Common questions about reading The Guns of Bull Run by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Guns of Bull Run?

Yes. All 5159 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3653 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Guns of Bull Run is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3653, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Guns of Bull Run take to read?

About 429 minutes of reading across 1032 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Guns of Bull Run

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Guns of Bull Run, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Harry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Bull Run; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Awakened
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Bull Run; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Father
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Bull Run; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shaking
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Bull Run; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.