Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Guns of Bull Run
The Guns of Bull Run

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Guns of Bull Run is here in full — 362 sentences across 73 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Guns of Bull Run
Context Illustration Reading 1/72 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.
Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.
There was war within its borders, and yet no war.
In feeling, it was Southern, and yet its judgment was with the Union.
Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Guns of Bull Run

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of The Guns of Bull Run is here in full — 362 sentences across 73 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/72 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.
Line 2
Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.
/ˌɔːlˈðoʊ ðə ˈskɜːrmɪʃɪŋ hæd ˈteɪkən pleɪs ɔːlˈredi əˈlɔːŋ ðə edʒ ʌv ˈhaɪlənd ənd ˈloʊlænd ðə steɪt stɪl sɔːt tuː meɪnˈteɪn ɪts pəˈzɪʃən ʌv nuːˈtræləti/
Line 3
There was war within its borders, and yet no war.
/ðer wɑːz wɔːr wɪˈðɪn ɪts ˈbɔːrdərz ənd jet noʊ wɔːr/
Line 4
In feeling, it was Southern, and yet its judgment was with the Union.
/ɪn ˈfiːlɪŋ ɪt wɑːz ˈsʌðərn ənd jet ɪts ˈdʒʌdʒmənt wɑːz wɪð ðə ˈjuːnjən/
Line 5
Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Frankfort noun US /ˈfræŋkfərt/

the capital of Kentucky; located in northern Kentucky

From this reading “THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.”

highland noun US /ˈhaɪlənd/

elevated (e.g., mountainous) land

From this reading “Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.”

Legislature noun US /ˈledʒəsleɪtʃər/

persons who make or amend or repeal laws

From this reading “THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.”

Louisville noun US /ˈluːivɪl/

the largest city in Kentucky; located in north central Kentucky on the Ohio river; site of the Kentucky Derby

From this reading “THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.”

lowland noun US /ˈloʊlænd/

low level country

From this reading “Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.”

neutrality noun US /nuːˈtræləti/

nonparticipation in a dispute or war

From this reading “Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.”

skirmishing verb US /ˈskɜːrmɪʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “skirmish” — engage in a skirmish

From this reading “Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.”

sympathizers noun US /ˈsɪmpəθaɪzərz/

plural of “sympathizer” — a person who commiserates with someone who has had misfortune

From this reading “THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

ardentadjectiveUS /ˈɑːrdənt/

characterized by intense emotion

From this reading Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

armiesnounUS /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

attendverbUS /əˈtend/

be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

avoidedverbUS /əˈvɔɪdɪd/

past form of “avoid” — stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

bordersnounUS /ˈbɔːrdərz/

plural of “border” — a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading There was war within its borders, and yet no war.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

ColonelnounUS /ˈkɜːrnəl/

a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

driftedverbUS /ˈdrɪftəd/

past form of “drift” — be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.

equallyadverbUS /ˈiːkwəli/

to the same degree (often followed by “as”)

From this reading Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading In feeling, it was Southern, and yet its judgment was with the Union.

FIGHTverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

FORprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

formingverbUS /ˈfɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “form” — create (as an entity)

From this reading Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

FrankfortnounUS /ˈfræŋkfərt/

the capital of Kentucky; located in northern Kentucky

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

GovernornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

HarryverbUS /ˈheri/

annoy continually or chronically

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

highlandnounUS /ˈhaɪlənd/

elevated (e.g., mountainous) land

From this reading Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In feeling, it was Southern, and yet its judgment was with the Union.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.

joinverbUS /dʒɔɪn/

become part of; become a member of a group or organization

From this reading Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

judgmentnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading In feeling, it was Southern, and yet its judgment was with the Union.

Kenton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

LegislaturenounUS /ˈledʒəsleɪtʃər/

persons who make or amend or repeal laws

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

LouisvillenounUS /ˈluːivɪl/

the largest city in Kentucky; located in north central Kentucky on the Ohio river; site of the Kentucky Derby

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

lowlandnounUS /ˈloʊlænd/

low level country

From this reading Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.

Magoffin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

maintainverbUS /meɪnˈteɪn/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

neutralitynounUS /nuːˈtræləti/

nonparticipation in a dispute or war

From this reading Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There was war within its borders, and yet no war.

NorthernadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

northwardadverbUS /ˈnɔːrθwərd/

in a northern direction

From this reading Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

opposeverbUS /əˈpoʊz/

be against; express opposition to

From this reading Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

partlyadverbUS /ˈpɑːrtli/

to some extent; in some degree; not wholly

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.

railnounUS /reɪl/

a barrier consisting of a horizontal bar and supports

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

sessionnounUS /ˈseʃən/

a meeting for execution of a group's functions

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

skirmishingverbUS /ˈskɜːrmɪʃɪŋ/

-ing form of “skirmish” — engage in a skirmish

From this reading Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.

soughtadjectiveUS /sɔːt/

that is looked for

From this reading Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.

SouthernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading In feeling, it was Southern, and yet its judgment was with the Union.

southwardadverbUS /ˈsaʊθwərd/

toward the south

From this reading Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

specialadjectiveUS /ˈspeʃəl/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

STATEnounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.

sympathizersnounUS /ˈsɪmpəθaɪzərz/

plural of “sympathizer” — a person who commiserates with someone who has had misfortune

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Although the skirmishing had taken place already along the edge of highland and lowland, the state still sought to maintain its position of neutrality.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was war within its borders, and yet no war.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

ThousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

travellingnounUS /ˈtrævəlɪŋ/

the act of going from one place to another

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

UnionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading In feeling, it was Southern, and yet its judgment was with the Union.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading There was war within its borders, and yet no war.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE FIGHT FOR A STATE Colonel Kenton and Harry avoided Louisville, which was now in the hands of Northern sympathizers, and, travelling partly by rail and partly by stage, reached Frankfort early in May to attend the special session of the Legislature called by Governor Magoffin.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In feeling, it was Southern, and yet its judgment was with the Union.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading There was war within its borders, and yet no war.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading There was war within its borders, and yet no war.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Thousands of ardent young men had drifted southward to join the armies forming there, and thousands of others, equally ardent, had turned northward to join forces that would oppose those below.

Chapter 7 of The Guns of Bull Run by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler holds 362 sentences, grouped into 73 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The Guns of Bull Run contain?

Chapter 7 holds 362 sentences of The Guns of Bull Run, unabridged, divided into 73 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The Guns of Bull Run by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 362 sentences, grouped into 73 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The Guns of Bull Run?

Work through the 73 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 73 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Guns of Bull Run

Common questions about reading The Guns of Bull Run by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Guns of Bull Run?

Yes. All 5159 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3653 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Guns of Bull Run is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3653, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Guns of Bull Run take to read?

About 429 minutes of reading across 1032 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Guns of Bull Run section by section

How to work through The Guns of Bull Run section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of The Guns of Bull Run to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Guns of Bull Run

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Guns of Bull Run, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Harry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Bull Run; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Awakened
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Bull Run; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Father
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Bull Run; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shaking
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Bull Run; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.