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The Guns of Bull Run
The Guns of Bull Run

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of The Guns of Bull Run is here in full — 316 sentences across 64 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Guns of Bull Run
Context Illustration Reading 1/63 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.
But he felt that he could not delay any longer.
Affairs must be moving now in the great world in the east, and he wished to be at the heart of them.
He had a strong, sure-footed horse, and he had supplies and an extra suit of clothes in his saddle bags.
The rifle across his back would attract no attention, as all the men in the mountains carried rifles.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Guns of Bull Run

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of The Guns of Bull Run is here in full — 316 sentences across 64 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/63 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.
Line 2
But he felt that he could not delay any longer.
/bʌt hiː felt ðæt hiː kʊd nɑːt dɪˈleɪ ˈeni ˈlɔːŋɡər/
Line 3
Affairs must be moving now in the great world in the east, and he wished to be at the heart of them.
/əˈferz mʌst biː ˈmuːvɪŋ naʊ ɪn ðə ɡreɪt wɜːrld ɪn ðə iːst ənd hiː wɪʃt tuː biː æt ðə hɑːrt ʌv ðem/
Line 4
He had a strong, sure-footed horse, and he had supplies and an extra suit of clothes in his saddle bags.
Line 5
The rifle across his back would attract no attention, as all the men in the mountains carried rifles.
/ðə ˈraɪfəl əˈkrɔːs hɪz bæk wʊd əˈtrækt noʊ əˈtenʃən æz ɔːl ðə men ɪn ðə ˈmaʊntənz ˈkærid ˈraɪfəlz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attract verb US /əˈtrækt/

direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading “The rifle across his back would attract no attention, as all the men in the mountains carried rifles.”

bags noun US /bæɡz/

plural of “bag” — a flexible container with a single opening

From this reading “He had a strong, sure-footed horse, and he had supplies and an extra suit of clothes in his saddle bags.”

extra adjective US /ˈekstrə/

more than is needed, desired, or required

From this reading “He had a strong, sure-footed horse, and he had supplies and an extra suit of clothes in his saddle bags.”

keenest adjective US /ˈkiːnəst/

superlative of “keen” — having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading “IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.”

realizing verb US /ˈriːəlaɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “realize” — be fully aware or cognizant of

From this reading “IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.”

rifles noun US /ˈraɪfəlz/

plural of “rifle” — a shoulder firearm with a long barrel and a rifled bore

From this reading “The rifle across his back would attract no attention, as all the men in the mountains carried rifles.”

supplies noun US /səˈplaɪz/

plural of “supply” — an amount of something available for use

From this reading “He had a strong, sure-footed horse, and he had supplies and an extra suit of clothes in his saddle bags.”

virginia noun US /vərˈdʒɪnjə/

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading “IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading The rifle across his back would attract no attention, as all the men in the mountains carried rifles.

AffairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading Affairs must be moving now in the great world in the east, and he wished to be at the heart of them.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The rifle across his back would attract no attention, as all the men in the mountains carried rifles.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He had a strong, sure-footed horse, and he had supplies and an extra suit of clothes in his saddle bags.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Affairs must be moving now in the great world in the east, and he wished to be at the heart of them.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading But he felt that he could not delay any longer.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The rifle across his back would attract no attention, as all the men in the mountains carried rifles.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading The rifle across his back would attract no attention, as all the men in the mountains carried rifles.

attractverbUS /əˈtrækt/

direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading The rifle across his back would attract no attention, as all the men in the mountains carried rifles.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The rifle across his back would attract no attention, as all the men in the mountains carried rifles.

bagsnounUS /bæɡz/

plural of “bag” — a flexible container with a single opening

From this reading He had a strong, sure-footed horse, and he had supplies and an extra suit of clothes in his saddle bags.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Affairs must be moving now in the great world in the east, and he wished to be at the heart of them.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But he felt that he could not delay any longer.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading The rifle across his back would attract no attention, as all the men in the mountains carried rifles.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading He had a strong, sure-footed horse, and he had supplies and an extra suit of clothes in his saddle bags.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading But he felt that he could not delay any longer.

delayverbUS /dɪˈleɪ/

cause to be slowed down or delayed

From this reading But he felt that he could not delay any longer.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading Affairs must be moving now in the great world in the east, and he wished to be at the heart of them.

extraadjectiveUS /ˈekstrə/

more than is needed, desired, or required

From this reading He had a strong, sure-footed horse, and he had supplies and an extra suit of clothes in his saddle bags.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading But he felt that he could not delay any longer.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

friendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Affairs must be moving now in the great world in the east, and he wished to be at the heart of them.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

HarryverbUS /ˈheri/

annoy continually or chronically

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading Affairs must be moving now in the great world in the east, and he wished to be at the heart of them.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He had a strong, sure-footed horse, and he had supplies and an extra suit of clothes in his saddle bags.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading He had a strong, sure-footed horse, and he had supplies and an extra suit of clothes in his saddle bags.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

keenestadjectiveUS /ˈkiːnəst/

superlative of “keen” — having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading But he felt that he could not delay any longer.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The rifle across his back would attract no attention, as all the men in the mountains carried rifles.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading The rifle across his back would attract no attention, as all the men in the mountains carried rifles.

movingadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading Affairs must be moving now in the great world in the east, and he wished to be at the heart of them.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Affairs must be moving now in the great world in the east, and he wished to be at the heart of them.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The rifle across his back would attract no attention, as all the men in the mountains carried rifles.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But he felt that he could not delay any longer.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Affairs must be moving now in the great world in the east, and he wished to be at the heart of them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

partingnounUS /ˈpɑːrtɪŋ/

the act of departing politely

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

realizingverbUS /ˈriːəlaɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “realize” — be fully aware or cognizant of

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

regretverbUS /rəˈɡret/

feel remorse for; feel sorry for; be contrite about

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

rifleverbUS /ˈraɪfəl/

steal goods; take as spoils

From this reading The rifle across his back would attract no attention, as all the men in the mountains carried rifles.

riflesnounUS /ˈraɪfəlz/

plural of “rifle” — a shoulder firearm with a long barrel and a rifled bore

From this reading The rifle across his back would attract no attention, as all the men in the mountains carried rifles.

saddleverbUS /ˈsædəl/

put a saddle on

From this reading He had a strong, sure-footed horse, and he had supplies and an extra suit of clothes in his saddle bags.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

suitverbUS /suːt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading He had a strong, sure-footed horse, and he had supplies and an extra suit of clothes in his saddle bags.

suppliesnounUS /səˈplaɪz/

plural of “supply” — an amount of something available for use

From this reading He had a strong, sure-footed horse, and he had supplies and an extra suit of clothes in his saddle bags.

sure-footedadjective

not liable to stumble or fall

From this reading He had a strong, sure-footed horse, and he had supplies and an extra suit of clothes in his saddle bags.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But he felt that he could not delay any longer.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Affairs must be moving now in the great world in the east, and he wished to be at the heart of them.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Affairs must be moving now in the great world in the east, and he wished to be at the heart of them.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

VIRGINIAnounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjə/

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

wishedverbUS /wɪʃt/

past form of “wish” — hope for; have a wish

From this reading Affairs must be moving now in the great world in the east, and he wished to be at the heart of them.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading IN VIRGINIA Harry left the valley with the keenest feeling of regret, realizing at the parting how strong a friendship he had formed with this family.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Affairs must be moving now in the great world in the east, and he wished to be at the heart of them.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The rifle across his back would attract no attention, as all the men in the mountains carried rifles.

Chapter 10 of The Guns of Bull Run by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler holds 316 sentences, grouped into 64 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of The Guns of Bull Run contain?

Chapter 10 holds 316 sentences of The Guns of Bull Run, unabridged, divided into 64 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of The Guns of Bull Run by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 316 sentences, grouped into 64 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of The Guns of Bull Run?

Work through the 64 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 64 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Guns of Bull Run

Common questions about reading The Guns of Bull Run by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Guns of Bull Run?

Yes. All 5159 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3653 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Guns of Bull Run is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3653, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Guns of Bull Run take to read?

About 429 minutes of reading across 1032 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Guns of Bull Run section by section

How to work through The Guns of Bull Run section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of The Guns of Bull Run to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Guns of Bull Run

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Guns of Bull Run, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Harry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Bull Run; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Awakened
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Bull Run; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Father
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Bull Run; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shaking
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Bull Run; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.