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The Guns of Bull Run
The Guns of Bull Run

Chapter XIV · Chapter 14

Chapter 14 of The Guns of Bull Run is here in full — 249 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/49 · 5 lines
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BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.
It still rested upon Bull Run.
The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.
There were many ravines and water courses, and hillocks were numerous.
Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Guns of Bull Run

Chapter XIV · Chapter 14

Chapter 14 of The Guns of Bull Run is here in full — 249 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/49 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.
/ˈbætəlz iːv ˈheri faʊnd ˈlɪtəl tʃeɪndʒ ɪn ðə ˈsʌðərn ˈɑːrmi ɪkˈsept ðæt mɔːr truːps hæd kʌm ʌp frʌm ˈrɪtʃmənd/
Line 2
It still rested upon Bull Run.
/ɪt stɪl ˈrestəd əˈpɑːn bʊl rʌn/
Line 3
The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.
/ðə ˈkʌntri hiːr wɑːz oʊld ˈhævɪŋ bɪn krɑːpt fɔːr ˈmeni ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz ðə sɔɪl ˈmoʊstli kleɪ ənd kʌt ɪn diːp rʌts/
Line 4
There were many ravines and water courses, and hillocks were numerous.
Line 5
Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.
/ˈkɜːrnəl ˈtælbət hæd toʊld ˈheri ə mʌnθ bɪˈfɔːr ðæt ɪt wɑːz nɑːt ə bæd pleɪs fɔːr ə ˈbætəl ɡraʊnd ənd hiː rɪˈmembərd ɪt naʊ æz hiː keɪm bæk tuː ɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

battle's noun US /ˈbætəlz/

possessive form of “battle” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading “BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.”

courses noun US /ˈkɔːrsəz/

plural of “course” — education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading “There were many ravines and water courses, and hillocks were numerous.”

cropped adjective US /krɑːpt/

(of land or soil) used for growing crops

From this reading “The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.”

generations noun US /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading “The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.”

ravines noun US /rəˈviːnz/

plural of “ravine” — a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water)

From this reading “There were many ravines and water courses, and hillocks were numerous.”

Richmond noun US /ˈrɪtʃmənd/

capital of the state of Virginia located in the east central part of the state; was capital of the Confederacy during the American Civil War

From this reading “BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.”

ruts noun US /rʌts/

plural of “rut” — a groove or furrow (especially one in soft earth caused by wheels)

From this reading “The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.”

Talbot noun US /ˈtælbət/

English inventor and pioneer in photography who published the first book illustrated with photographs (1800-1877)

From this reading “Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.

BATTLE'SnounUS /ˈbætəlz/

possessive form of “battle” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.

BullnounUS /bʊl/

uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle

From this reading It still rested upon Bull Run.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.

claynounUS /kleɪ/

a very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired

From this reading The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.

ColonelnounUS /ˈkɜːrnəl/

a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.

coursesnounUS /ˈkɔːrsəz/

plural of “course” — education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading There were many ravines and water courses, and hillocks were numerous.

croppedadjectiveUS /krɑːpt/

(of land or soil) used for growing crops

From this reading The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.

EVEnounUS /iːv/

(Old Testament) Adam's wife in Judeo-Christian mythology: the first woman and mother of the human race; God created Eve from Adam's rib and placed Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden

From this reading BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.

generationsnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.

HarryverbUS /ˈheri/

annoy continually or chronically

From this reading BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.

hillocks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were many ravines and water courses, and hillocks were numerous.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It still rested upon Bull Run.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.

mostlyadverbUS /ˈmoʊstli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.

numerousadjectiveUS /ˈnuːmərəs/

amounting to a large indefinite number

From this reading There were many ravines and water courses, and hillocks were numerous.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.

ravinesnounUS /rəˈviːnz/

plural of “ravine” — a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water)

From this reading There were many ravines and water courses, and hillocks were numerous.

rememberedverbUS /rɪˈmembərd/

past form of “remember” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.

restedadjectiveUS /ˈrestəd/

not tired; refreshed as by sleeping or relaxing

From this reading It still rested upon Bull Run.

RichmondnounUS /ˈrɪtʃmənd/

capital of the state of Virginia located in the east central part of the state; was capital of the Confederacy during the American Civil War

From this reading BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.

RunverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading It still rested upon Bull Run.

rutsnounUS /rʌts/

plural of “rut” — a groove or furrow (especially one in soft earth caused by wheels)

From this reading The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.

SouthernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading It still rested upon Bull Run.

TalbotnounUS /ˈtælbət/

English inventor and pioneer in photography who published the first book illustrated with photographs (1800-1877)

From this reading Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were many ravines and water courses, and hillocks were numerous.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Colonel Talbot had told Harry a month before that it was not a bad place for a battle ground, and he remembered it now as he came back to it.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading BATTLE'S EVE Harry found little change in the Southern army, except that more troops had come up from Richmond.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It still rested upon Bull Run.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The country here was old, having been cropped for many generations, the soil mostly clay and cut in deep ruts.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading There were many ravines and water courses, and hillocks were numerous.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were many ravines and water courses, and hillocks were numerous.

Chapter 14 of The Guns of Bull Run by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler holds 249 sentences, grouped into 50 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of The Guns of Bull Run contain?

Chapter 14 holds 249 sentences of The Guns of Bull Run, unabridged, divided into 50 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of The Guns of Bull Run by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 249 sentences, grouped into 50 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of The Guns of Bull Run?

Work through the 50 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 50 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Guns of Bull Run

Common questions about reading The Guns of Bull Run by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Guns of Bull Run?

Yes. All 5159 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3653 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Guns of Bull Run is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3653, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Guns of Bull Run take to read?

About 429 minutes of reading across 1032 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Guns of Bull Run section by section

How to work through The Guns of Bull Run section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Guns of Bull Run

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Guns of Bull Run, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Harry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Bull Run; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Awakened
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Bull Run; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Father
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Bull Run; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shaking
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Bull Run; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.