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The Guns of Europe
The Guns of Europe

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of The Guns of Europe is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
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THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.
And yet the French officers had shown much skill.
They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.
John felt that not everything was lost as they sat down on the hills and began to fortify anew.
There was no time for him to rest.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Guns of Europe

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of The Guns of Europe is here in full — 402 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.
/ðə raɪd ʌv θriː ðə ˈbætəl ˌɪnˈkluːdɪŋ ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ riˈtriːt hæd ˈlæstəd ə lɔːŋ taɪm ənd ɪt hæd pruːvd ˈiːvɪn tuː ɪnɪkˈspɪriənst dʒɑːn ðæt ðə frentʃ fɔːrs kʊd nɑːt stænd bɪˈfɔːr ðə suːˈpɪriər ˈnʌmbərz ʌv ðə ˈdʒɜːrmənz ənd ðer trəˈmendəs ɪˈkwɪpmənt/
Line 2
And yet the French officers had shown much skill.
/ənd jet ðə frentʃ ˈɔːfəsərz hæd ʃoʊn mʌtʃ skɪl/
Line 3
They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.
/ðeɪ hæd ˌɪnˈflɪktɪd ɡreɪt ˈlɔːsəz ðeɪ hæd drɔːn ɔːf ɔːl ðer ɑːrˈtɪləri ənd ðeɪ hæd dɪˈfiːtəd ˈevəri ˈefərt ʌv ðer ˈenəmi tuː sərˈaʊnd ənd dɪˈstrɔɪ ðem/
Line 4
John felt that not everything was lost as they sat down on the hills and began to fortify anew.
/dʒɑːn felt ðæt nɑːt ˈevriθɪŋ wɑːz lɔːst æz ðeɪ sæt daʊn ɑːn ðə hɪlz ənd bɪˈɡæn tuː ˈfɔːrtɪfaɪ əˈnuː/
Line 5
There was no time for him to rest.
/ðer wɑːz noʊ taɪm fɔːr hɪm tuː rest/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

anew adverb US /əˈnuː/

again but in a new or different way

From this reading “John felt that not everything was lost as they sat down on the hills and began to fortify anew.”

defeated adjective US /dɪˈfiːtəd/

beaten or overcome; not victorious

From this reading “They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.”

equipment noun US /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/

an instrumentality needed for an undertaking or to perform a service

From this reading “THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.”

fortify verb US /ˈfɔːrtɪfaɪ/

make strong or stronger

From this reading “John felt that not everything was lost as they sat down on the hills and began to fortify anew.”

inexperienced adjective US /ɪnɪkˈspɪriənst/

lacking practical experience or training

From this reading “THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.”

inflicted verb US /ˌɪnˈflɪktɪd/

past form of “inflict” — impose something unpleasant

From this reading “They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.”

losses noun US /ˈlɔːsəz/

something lost (especially money lost at gambling)

From this reading “They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.”

surround verb US /sərˈaʊnd/

extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle

From this reading “They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

superior numbers adjective + noun

In this reading “THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.”

long time adjective + noun

a prolonged period of time

In this reading “THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.”

stand before verb + particle

In this reading “THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.”

on the hills preposition + article + noun counted as “on … hill”

In this reading “John felt that not everything was lost as they sat down on the hills and began to fortify anew.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

anewadverbUS /əˈnuː/

again but in a new or different way

From this reading John felt that not everything was lost as they sat down on the hills and began to fortify anew.

artillerynounUS /ɑːrˈtɪləri/

large but transportable armament

From this reading They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading John felt that not everything was lost as they sat down on the hills and began to fortify anew.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading John felt that not everything was lost as they sat down on the hills and began to fortify anew.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

defeatedadjectiveUS /dɪˈfiːtəd/

beaten or overcome; not victorious

From this reading They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.

destroyverbUS /dɪˈstrɔɪ/

do away with, cause the destruction or undoing of

From this reading They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading John felt that not everything was lost as they sat down on the hills and began to fortify anew.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.

effortnounUS /ˈefərt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.

equipmentnounUS /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/

an instrumentality needed for an undertaking or to perform a service

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading John felt that not everything was lost as they sat down on the hills and began to fortify anew.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading John felt that not everything was lost as they sat down on the hills and began to fortify anew.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading There was no time for him to rest.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

fortifyverbUS /ˈfɔːrtɪfaɪ/

make strong or stronger

From this reading John felt that not everything was lost as they sat down on the hills and began to fortify anew.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

GermansnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmənz/

plural of “german” — a person of German nationality

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading John felt that not everything was lost as they sat down on the hills and began to fortify anew.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading There was no time for him to rest.

includingverbUS /ˌɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “include” — have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

inexperiencedadjectiveUS /ɪnɪkˈspɪriənst/

lacking practical experience or training

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

inflictedverbUS /ˌɪnˈflɪktɪd/

past form of “inflict” — impose something unpleasant

From this reading They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

lastedverbUS /ˈlæstəd/

past form of “last” — persist for a specified period of time

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

lossesnounUS /ˈlɔːsəz/

something lost (especially money lost at gambling)

From this reading They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading John felt that not everything was lost as they sat down on the hills and began to fortify anew.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading And yet the French officers had shown much skill.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There was no time for him to rest.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading And yet the French officers had shown much skill.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading John felt that not everything was lost as they sat down on the hills and began to fortify anew.

provedadjectiveUS /pruːvd/

established beyond doubt

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading There was no time for him to rest.

retreatnounUS /riˈtriːt/

(military) withdrawal of troops to a more favorable position to escape the enemy's superior forces or after a defeat

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

RIDEverbUS /raɪd/

sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading John felt that not everything was lost as they sat down on the hills and began to fortify anew.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading And yet the French officers had shown much skill.

skillnounUS /skɪl/

an ability that has been acquired by training

From this reading And yet the French officers had shown much skill.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

superioradjectiveUS /suːˈpɪriər/

of high or superior quality or performance

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

surroundverbUS /sərˈaʊnd/

extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle

From this reading They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was no time for him to rest.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had inflicted great losses, they had drawn off all their artillery, and they had defeated every effort of their enemy to surround and destroy them.

THREEnounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

tremendousadjectiveUS /trəˈmendəs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading THE RIDE OF THREE The battle, including the fighting retreat, had lasted a long time and it had proved even to inexperienced John that the French force could not stand before the superior numbers of the Germans, and their tremendous equipment.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading John felt that not everything was lost as they sat down on the hills and began to fortify anew.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading And yet the French officers had shown much skill.

Chapter 10 of The Guns of Europe by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler holds 402 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of The Guns of Europe contain?

Chapter 10 holds 402 sentences of The Guns of Europe, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of The Guns of Europe by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 402 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of The Guns of Europe?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Guns of Europe

Common questions about reading The Guns of Europe by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Guns of Europe?

Yes. All 5606 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33481 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Guns of Europe is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33481, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Guns of Europe take to read?

About 467 minutes of reading across 1122 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Guns of Europe

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Guns of Europe, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Texan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Triumph
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Appleton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.