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The Guns of Europe
The Guns of Europe

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The Guns of Europe is here in full — 398 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.
The beautiful country, fresh and green, reappeared.
It was the fair land of France again and John rejoiced.
His uniform dried fast upon him, and his spirits rose steadily.
He saw the ruddy glow return to the cheeks of his comrades, and the horses seemed to grow stronger.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Guns of Europe

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of The Guns of Europe is here in full — 398 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.
Line 2
The beautiful country, fresh and green, reappeared.
/ðə ˈbjuːtəfəl ˈkʌntri freʃ ənd ɡriːn ˌriːəˈpɪrd/
Line 3
It was the fair land of France again and John rejoiced.
/ɪt wɑːz ðə fer lænd ʌv fræns əˈɡen ənd dʒɑːn rɪˈdʒɔɪst/
Line 4
His uniform dried fast upon him, and his spirits rose steadily.
/hɪz ˈjuːnəfɔːrm draɪd fæst əˈpɑːn hɪm ənd hɪz ˈspɪrɪts roʊz ˈstedəli/
Line 5
He saw the ruddy glow return to the cheeks of his comrades, and the horses seemed to grow stronger.
/hiː sɔː ðə ˈrʌdi ɡloʊ rɪˈtɜːrn tuː ðə tʃiːks ʌv hɪz ˈkɑːmrædz ənd ðə ˈhɔːrsəz siːmd tuː ɡroʊ ˈstrɔːŋər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

comrades noun US /ˈkɑːmrædz/

plural of “comrade” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading “He saw the ruddy glow return to the cheeks of his comrades, and the horses seemed to grow stronger.”

dragons noun US /ˈdræɡənz/

plural of “dragon” — a creature of Teutonic mythology; usually represented as breathing fire and having a reptilian body and sometimes wings

From this reading “THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.”

dried adjective US /draɪd/

not still wet

From this reading “His uniform dried fast upon him, and his spirits rose steadily.”

fog noun US /fɑːɡ/

droplets of water vapor suspended in the air near the ground

From this reading “THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.”

reappeared verb US /ˌriːəˈpɪrd/

past form of “reappear” — appear again

From this reading “The beautiful country, fresh and green, reappeared.”

rejoiced verb US /rɪˈdʒɔɪst/

past form of “rejoice” — feel happiness or joy

From this reading “It was the fair land of France again and John rejoiced.”

ruddy adjective US /ˈrʌdi/

inclined to a healthy reddish color often associated with outdoor life

From this reading “He saw the ruddy glow return to the cheeks of his comrades, and the horses seemed to grow stronger.”

uniform adjective US /ˈjuːnəfɔːrm/

always the same; showing a single form or character in all occurrences

From this reading “His uniform dried fast upon him, and his spirits rose steadily.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

ruddy glow adjective + noun

In this reading “He saw the ruddy glow return to the cheeks of his comrades, and the horses seemed to grow stronger.”

spirits rose noun + noun

In this reading “His uniform dried fast upon him, and his spirits rose steadily.”

grow stronger verb + adjective counted as “grow strong”

In this reading “He saw the ruddy glow return to the cheeks of his comrades, and the horses seemed to grow stronger.”

All words in this reading · 50

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.

AboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading It was the fair land of France again and John rejoiced.

AIRnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading The beautiful country, fresh and green, reappeared.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.

ceasedverbUS /siːst/

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.

cheeksnounUS /tʃiːks/

plural of “cheek” — either side of the face below the eyes

From this reading He saw the ruddy glow return to the cheeks of his comrades, and the horses seemed to grow stronger.

comradesnounUS /ˈkɑːmrædz/

plural of “comrade” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading He saw the ruddy glow return to the cheeks of his comrades, and the horses seemed to grow stronger.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The beautiful country, fresh and green, reappeared.

DRAGONSnounUS /ˈdræɡənz/

plural of “dragon” — a creature of Teutonic mythology; usually represented as breathing fire and having a reptilian body and sometimes wings

From this reading THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.

driedadjectiveUS /draɪd/

not still wet

From this reading His uniform dried fast upon him, and his spirits rose steadily.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading It was the fair land of France again and John rejoiced.

fastadverbUS /fæst/

quickly or rapidly (often used as a combining form)

From this reading His uniform dried fast upon him, and his spirits rose steadily.

fognounUS /fɑːɡ/

droplets of water vapor suspended in the air near the ground

From this reading THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading It was the fair land of France again and John rejoiced.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading The beautiful country, fresh and green, reappeared.

glownounUS /ɡloʊ/

an alert and refreshed state

From this reading He saw the ruddy glow return to the cheeks of his comrades, and the horses seemed to grow stronger.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading The beautiful country, fresh and green, reappeared.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading He saw the ruddy glow return to the cheeks of his comrades, and the horses seemed to grow stronger.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He saw the ruddy glow return to the cheeks of his comrades, and the horses seemed to grow stronger.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His uniform dried fast upon him, and his spirits rose steadily.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His uniform dried fast upon him, and his spirits rose steadily.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading He saw the ruddy glow return to the cheeks of his comrades, and the horses seemed to grow stronger.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was the fair land of France again and John rejoiced.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading It was the fair land of France again and John rejoiced.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading It was the fair land of France again and John rejoiced.

mid-morning

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.

reappearedverbUS /ˌriːəˈpɪrd/

past form of “reappear” — appear again

From this reading The beautiful country, fresh and green, reappeared.

rejoicedverbUS /rɪˈdʒɔɪst/

past form of “rejoice” — feel happiness or joy

From this reading It was the fair land of France again and John rejoiced.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading He saw the ruddy glow return to the cheeks of his comrades, and the horses seemed to grow stronger.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.

ruddyadjectiveUS /ˈrʌdi/

inclined to a healthy reddish color often associated with outdoor life

From this reading He saw the ruddy glow return to the cheeks of his comrades, and the horses seemed to grow stronger.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading He saw the ruddy glow return to the cheeks of his comrades, and the horses seemed to grow stronger.

scatteredadjectiveUS /ˈskætərd/

occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space

From this reading THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading He saw the ruddy glow return to the cheeks of his comrades, and the horses seemed to grow stronger.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.

spiritsnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading His uniform dried fast upon him, and his spirits rose steadily.

steadilyadverbUS /ˈstedəli/

at a steady rate or pace

From this reading His uniform dried fast upon him, and his spirits rose steadily.

strongeradjectiveUS /ˈstrɔːŋər/

comparative of “strong” — having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading He saw the ruddy glow return to the cheeks of his comrades, and the horses seemed to grow stronger.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He saw the ruddy glow return to the cheeks of his comrades, and the horses seemed to grow stronger.

uniformadjectiveUS /ˈjuːnəfɔːrm/

always the same; showing a single form or character in all occurrences

From this reading His uniform dried fast upon him, and his spirits rose steadily.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading His uniform dried fast upon him, and his spirits rose steadily.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE DRAGONS OF THE AIR About mid-morning the rain ceased, the fog rose, and was soon scattered by a powerful sun.

Chapter 11 of The Guns of Europe by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler holds 398 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of The Guns of Europe contain?

Chapter 11 holds 398 sentences of The Guns of Europe, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of The Guns of Europe by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 398 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of The Guns of Europe?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Guns of Europe

Common questions about reading The Guns of Europe by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Guns of Europe?

Yes. All 5606 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33481 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Guns of Europe is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33481, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Guns of Europe take to read?

About 467 minutes of reading across 1122 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Guns of Europe section by section

How to work through The Guns of Europe section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Guns of Europe

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Guns of Europe, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Texan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Triumph
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Appleton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Guns of Europe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.