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The Hammer: A Story of the Maccabean Times
The Hammer: A Story of the Maccabean Times

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Hammer: A Story of the Maccabean Times is here in full — 204 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/40 · 5 lines
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AT ANTIOCH.
Antioch more than deserved the praise of “a very pretty place,” which Menelaüs had bestowed upon it.
In fact, it was one of the finest cities of the world.
The old town which the first Antiochus(6) had found had been improved away by him and his successors.
All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Hammer: A Story of the Maccabean Times

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Hammer: A Story of the Maccabean Times is here in full — 204 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/40 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AT ANTIOCH.
/æt ˈæntiɑːk/
Line 2
Antioch more than deserved the praise of “a very pretty place,” which Menelaüs had bestowed upon it.
Line 3
In fact, it was one of the finest cities of the world.
/ɪn fækt ɪt wɑːz wʌn ʌv ðə ˈfaɪnəst ˈsɪtiz ʌv ðə wɜːrld/
Line 4
The old town which the first Antiochus(6) had found had been improved away by him and his successors.
Line 5
All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.
/ɔːl ðæt kʊd biː dʌn baɪ ə dɪˈspɑːtɪk ˈpaʊər ðæt meɪd ˈveri ʃɔːrt wɜːrk wɪð ðə ˈwɪʃɪz ənd ˈiːvɪn ðə raɪts ʌv ˈpraɪvət ˈoʊnərz ʌv ˈprɑːpərti ənd baɪ ə ˈlævɪʃ ɪkˈspendətʃər ʌv ˈmʌni hæd bɪn dʌn baɪ faɪv ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz ʌv ˈruːlərz ənd ðə rɪˈzʌlt wɑːz mæɡˈnɪfəsənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

antioch noun US /ˈæntiɑːk/

a town in southern Turkey; ancient commercial center and capital of Syria; an early center of Christianity

From this reading “AT ANTIOCH.”

despotic adjective US /dɪˈspɑːtɪk/

belonging to or having the characteristics of a despot

From this reading “All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.”

expenditure noun US /ɪkˈspendətʃər/

money paid out; an amount spent

From this reading “All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.”

generations noun US /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading “All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.”

lavish adjective US /ˈlævɪʃ/

very generous

From this reading “All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.”

owners noun US /ˈoʊnərz/

plural of “owner” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading “All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.”

rulers noun US /ˈruːlərz/

plural of “ruler” — a person who rules or commands

From this reading “All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.”

successors noun US /səkˈsesərz/

plural of “successor” — a person who follows next in order

From this reading “The old town which the first Antiochus(6) had found had been improved away by him and his successors.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

despotic power adjective + noun

In this reading “All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.”

bestowed upon verb + particle counted as “bestow upon”

In this reading “Antioch more than deserved the praise of “a very pretty place,” which Menelaüs had bestowed upon it.”

In fact preposition + noun

in reality or actuality

In this reading “In fact, it was one of the finest cities of the world.”

old town adjective + noun

In this reading “The old town which the first Antiochus(6) had found had been improved away by him and his successors.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

6

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The old town which the first Antiochus(6) had found had been improved away by him and his successors.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Antioch more than deserved the praise of “a very pretty place,” which Menelaüs had bestowed upon it.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The old town which the first Antiochus(6) had found had been improved away by him and his successors.

ANTIOCHnounUS /ˈæntiɑːk/

a town in southern Turkey; ancient commercial center and capital of Syria; an early center of Christianity

From this reading AT ANTIOCH.

Antiochus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The old town which the first Antiochus(6) had found had been improved away by him and his successors.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading AT ANTIOCH.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The old town which the first Antiochus(6) had found had been improved away by him and his successors.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The old town which the first Antiochus(6) had found had been improved away by him and his successors.

bestowedverbUS /bɪˈstoʊd/

past form of “bestow” — present

From this reading Antioch more than deserved the praise of “a very pretty place,” which Menelaüs had bestowed upon it.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The old town which the first Antiochus(6) had found had been improved away by him and his successors.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading In fact, it was one of the finest cities of the world.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

deservedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzɜːrvd/

properly deserved

From this reading Antioch more than deserved the praise of “a very pretty place,” which Menelaüs had bestowed upon it.

despoticadjectiveUS /dɪˈspɑːtɪk/

belonging to or having the characteristics of a despot

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

expenditurenounUS /ɪkˈspendətʃər/

money paid out; an amount spent

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading In fact, it was one of the finest cities of the world.

finestadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəst/

superlative of “fine” — being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading In fact, it was one of the finest cities of the world.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The old town which the first Antiochus(6) had found had been improved away by him and his successors.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The old town which the first Antiochus(6) had found had been improved away by him and his successors.

generationsnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Antioch more than deserved the praise of “a very pretty place,” which Menelaüs had bestowed upon it.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The old town which the first Antiochus(6) had found had been improved away by him and his successors.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The old town which the first Antiochus(6) had found had been improved away by him and his successors.

improvedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvd/

made more desirable or valuable or profitable; especially made ready for use or marketing

From this reading The old town which the first Antiochus(6) had found had been improved away by him and his successors.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In fact, it was one of the finest cities of the world.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Antioch more than deserved the praise of “a very pretty place,” which Menelaüs had bestowed upon it.

lavishadjectiveUS /ˈlævɪʃ/

very generous

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

magnificentadjectiveUS /mæɡˈnɪfəsənt/

characterized by grandeur

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

Menelaüs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antioch more than deserved the praise of “a very pretty place,” which Menelaüs had bestowed upon it.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Antioch more than deserved the praise of “a very pretty place,” which Menelaüs had bestowed upon it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Antioch more than deserved the praise of “a very pretty place,” which Menelaüs had bestowed upon it.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The old town which the first Antiochus(6) had found had been improved away by him and his successors.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading In fact, it was one of the finest cities of the world.

ownersnounUS /ˈoʊnərz/

plural of “owner” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Antioch more than deserved the praise of “a very pretty place,” which Menelaüs had bestowed upon it.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

praisenounUS /preɪz/

an expression of approval and commendation

From this reading Antioch more than deserved the praise of “a very pretty place,” which Menelaüs had bestowed upon it.

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading Antioch more than deserved the praise of “a very pretty place,” which Menelaüs had bestowed upon it.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

rightsnounUS /raɪts/

plural of “right” — an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

rulersnounUS /ˈruːlərz/

plural of “ruler” — a person who rules or commands

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

successorsnounUS /səkˈsesərz/

plural of “successor” — a person who follows next in order

From this reading The old town which the first Antiochus(6) had found had been improved away by him and his successors.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Antioch more than deserved the praise of “a very pretty place,” which Menelaüs had bestowed upon it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Antioch more than deserved the praise of “a very pretty place,” which Menelaüs had bestowed upon it.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading The old town which the first Antiochus(6) had found had been improved away by him and his successors.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Antioch more than deserved the praise of “a very pretty place,” which Menelaüs had bestowed upon it.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Antioch more than deserved the praise of “a very pretty place,” which Menelaüs had bestowed upon it.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In fact, it was one of the finest cities of the world.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Antioch more than deserved the praise of “a very pretty place,” which Menelaüs had bestowed upon it.

wishesnounUS /ˈwɪʃɪz/

plural of “wish” — a specific feeling of desire

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading All that could be done by a despotic power that made very short work with the wishes and even the rights of private owners of property, and by a lavish expenditure of money, had been done by five generations of rulers, and the result was magnificent.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading In fact, it was one of the finest cities of the world.

Chapter 4 of The Hammer: A Story of the Maccabean Times by Alfred John Church holds 204 sentences, grouped into 41 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Hammer: A Story of the Maccabean Times contain?

Chapter 4 holds 204 sentences of The Hammer: A Story of the Maccabean Times, unabridged, divided into 41 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Hammer: A Story of the Maccabean Times by Alfred John Church exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 204 sentences, grouped into 41 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Hammer: A Story of the Maccabean Times?

Work through the 41 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 41 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading The Hammer: A Story of the Maccabean Times by Alfred John Church on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 4444 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44550 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #44550, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 370 minutes of reading across 889 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Hammer: A Story of the Maccabean Times

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Hammer: A Story of the Maccabean Times, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Alfred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hammer: A Story of the Maccabean Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Church
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hammer: A Story of the Maccabean Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lately
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hammer: A Story of the Maccabean Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Professor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hammer: A Story of the Maccabean Times; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.