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The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters
The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters is here in full — 418 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
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THE HAND OF ETHELBERTA--A COMEDY IN CHAPTERS by Thomas Hardy.
"Vitae post-scenia celant."--Lucretius.
This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.
A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.
The characters themselves, however, were meant to be consistent and human.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters is here in full — 418 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE HAND OF ETHELBERTA--A COMEDY IN CHAPTERS by Thomas Hardy.
Line 2
"Vitae post-scenia celant."--Lucretius.
Line 3
This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.
Line 4
A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.
Line 5
The characters themselves, however, were meant to be consistent and human.
/ðə ˈkærəktərz ðemˈselvz ˌhaʊˈevər wɜːr ment tuː biː kənˈsɪstənt ənd ˈhjuːmən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accurately adverb US /ˈækjərətli/

with few mistakes

From this reading “This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.”

chapters noun US /ˈtʃæptərz/

plural of “chapter” — a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading “THE HAND OF ETHELBERTA--A COMEDY IN CHAPTERS by Thomas Hardy.”

consistent adjective US /kənˈsɪstənt/

(sometimes followed by “with”) in agreement or consistent or reliable

From this reading “The characters themselves, however, were meant to be consistent and human.”

frivolous adjective US /ˈfrɪvələs/

not serious in content or attitude or behavior

From this reading “This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.”

interlude noun US /ˈɪntərluːd/

an intervening period or episode

From this reading “This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.”

lightness noun US /ˈlaɪtnəs/

a feeling of joy and pride

From this reading “A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.”

production noun US /prəˈdʌkʃən/

the act or process of producing something

From this reading “A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.”

willingness noun US /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/

cheerful compliance

From this reading “A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE HAND OF ETHELBERTA--A COMEDY IN CHAPTERS by Thomas Hardy.

acceptverbUS /ækˈsept/

consider or hold as true

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

accuratelyadverbUS /ˈækjərətli/

with few mistakes

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

aimverbUS /eɪm/

point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

arrangementnounUS /ərˈeɪndʒmənt/

the thing arranged or agreed to

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

attemptedadjectiveUS /əˈtemptɪd/

tried unsuccessfully

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The characters themselves, however, were meant to be consistent and human.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE HAND OF ETHELBERTA--A COMEDY IN CHAPTERS by Thomas Hardy.

celant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Vitae post-scenia celant."--Lucretius.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

CHAPTERSnounUS /ˈtʃæptərz/

plural of “chapter” — a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading THE HAND OF ETHELBERTA--A COMEDY IN CHAPTERS by Thomas Hardy.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading The characters themselves, however, were meant to be consistent and human.

COMEDYnounUS /ˈkɑːmədi/

light and humorous drama with a happy ending

From this reading THE HAND OF ETHELBERTA--A COMEDY IN CHAPTERS by Thomas Hardy.

consistentadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪstənt/

(sometimes followed by “with”) in agreement or consistent or reliable

From this reading The characters themselves, however, were meant to be consistent and human.

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

designnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

ETHELBERTA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE HAND OF ETHELBERTA--A COMEDY IN CHAPTERS by Thomas Hardy.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

frivolousadjectiveUS /ˈfrɪvələs/

not serious in content or attitude or behavior

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

good-naturedadjective

having an easygoing and cheerful disposition

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

HANDnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading THE HAND OF ETHELBERTA--A COMEDY IN CHAPTERS by Thomas Hardy.

HardyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading THE HAND OF ETHELBERTA--A COMEDY IN CHAPTERS by Thomas Hardy.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading The characters themselves, however, were meant to be consistent and human.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading The characters themselves, however, were meant to be consistent and human.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE HAND OF ETHELBERTA--A COMEDY IN CHAPTERS by Thomas Hardy.

incidentsnounUS /ˈɪnsədənts/

plural of “incident” — a single distinct event

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

indicateverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪt/

be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

informverbUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrm/

impart knowledge of some fact, state of affairs, or event to

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

interludenounUS /ˈɪntərluːd/

an intervening period or episode

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

lightnessnounUS /ˈlaɪtnəs/

a feeling of joy and pride

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

Lucretiusnoun

Roman philosopher and poet; in a long didactic poem he tried to provide a scientific explanation of the universe (96-55 BC)

From this reading "Vitae post-scenia celant."--Lucretius.

meantverbUS /ment/

inflected form of “mean” — mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading The characters themselves, however, were meant to be consistent and human.

moodnounUS /muːd/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

narrativenounUS /ˈnærətɪv/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE HAND OF ETHELBERTA--A COMEDY IN CHAPTERS by Thomas Hardy.

offeredverbUS /ˈɔːfərd/

past form of “offer” — make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

performancenounUS /pərˈfɔːrməns/

a dramatic or musical entertainment

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

post-scenia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Vitae post-scenia celant."--Lucretius.

probabilitynounUS /ˌprɑːbəˈbɪlətiː/

a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

productionnounUS /prəˈdʌkʃən/

the act or process of producing something

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

soberadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊbər/

not affected by a chemical substance (especially alcohol)

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

sub-title

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE HAND OF ETHELBERTA--A COMEDY IN CHAPTERS by Thomas Hardy.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The characters themselves, however, were meant to be consistent and human.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

ThomasnounUS /ˈtɑːməs/

United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)

From this reading THE HAND OF ETHELBERTA--A COMEDY IN CHAPTERS by Thomas Hardy.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

Vitae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Vitae post-scenia celant."--Lucretius.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This somewhat frivolous narrative was produced as an interlude between stories of a more sober design, and it was given the sub-title of a comedy to indicate--though not quite accurately--the aim of the performance.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The characters themselves, however, were meant to be consistent and human.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

willingnessnounUS /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/

cheerful compliance

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A high degree of probability was not attempted in the arrangement of the incidents, and there was expected of the reader a certain lightness of mood, which should inform him with a good-natured willingness to accept the production in the spirit in which it was offered.

Chapter 1 of The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters by Thomas Hardy holds 418 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters contain?

Chapter 1 holds 418 sentences of The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters by Thomas Hardy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 418 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 7410 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3469 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #3469, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 600 minutes of reading across 1482 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Ethelberta--a
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Comedy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chapters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thomas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.