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The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island
The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE BOYS CATCH THE SPIRIT OF THE AGE.
After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.
Upon Ben’s recovery in the spring, he had hired Robert Yelf for the summer.
Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.
He assumed the entire charge of the hens, ducks, geese, and turkeys.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island is here in full — 66 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BOYS CATCH THE SPIRIT OF THE AGE.
/ðə bɔɪz kætʃ ðə ˈspɪrət ʌv ðə eɪdʒ/
Line 2
After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.
/ˈæftər ðə dɪˈpɑːrtʃər ʌv dʒeɪmz weltʃ ˈnʌθɪŋ ˈwɜːr.ði ʌv noʊt əˈkɜːrd tuː dɪˈstɜːrb ðə ˈkwaɪət ˌenˈdʒɔɪmənt ʌv laɪf ɑːn elm ˈaɪlənd/
Line 3
Upon Ben’s recovery in the spring, he had hired Robert Yelf for the summer.
Line 4
Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.
/ben ˈdʒuːnjər huː naʊ bɪˈɡæn tuː ˈmænəfest æz ɡreɪt ə kəˈpæsəti fɔːr wɜːrk æz hiː hæd ˌhɪrtəˈfɔːr ɪˈvɪnst fɔːr ˈmɪstʃəf meɪd hɪmˈself ekˈstriːmli ˈjuːsfəl/
Line 5
He assumed the entire charge of the hens, ducks, geese, and turkeys.
/hiː əˈsuːmd ðə ɪnˈtaɪər tʃɑːrdʒ ʌv ðə henz dʌks ɡiːs ənd ˈtɜːrkiz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Ben's noun US /benz/

possessive form of “ben” — a mountain or tall hill

Elm noun US /elm/

any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees

From this reading “After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.”

evinced verb US /ɪˈvɪnst/

past form of “evince” — give expression to

From this reading “Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.”

geese noun US /ɡiːs/

plural of “goose” — web-footed long-necked typically gregarious migratory aquatic birds usually larger and less aquatic than ducks

From this reading “He assumed the entire charge of the hens, ducks, geese, and turkeys.”

hens noun US /henz/

plural of “hen” — adult female chicken

From this reading “He assumed the entire charge of the hens, ducks, geese, and turkeys.”

heretofore adverb US /ˌhɪrtəˈfɔːr/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading “Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.”

turkeys noun US /ˈtɜːrkiz/

plural of “turkey” — large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail; widely domesticated for food

From this reading “He assumed the entire charge of the hens, ducks, geese, and turkeys.”

Welch verb US /weltʃ/

cheat by avoiding payment of a gambling debt

From this reading “After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

extremely useful adverb + adjective

In this reading “Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.”

quiet enjoyment adjective + noun

In this reading “After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.”

After the departure preposition + article + noun counted as “after … departure”

In this reading “After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.”

charge of verb + particle

In this reading “He assumed the entire charge of the hens, ducks, geese, and turkeys.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.

AGEnounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading THE BOYS CATCH THE SPIRIT OF THE AGE.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He assumed the entire charge of the hens, ducks, geese, and turkeys.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.

assumedadjectiveUS /əˈsuːmd/

adopted in order to deceive

From this reading He assumed the entire charge of the hens, ducks, geese, and turkeys.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.

BennounUS /ben/

a mountain or tall hill

From this reading Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.

Ben'snounUS /benz/

possessive form of “ben” — a mountain or tall hill

From this reading Upon Ben’s recovery in the spring, he had hired Robert Yelf for the summer.

BOYSnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading THE BOYS CATCH THE SPIRIT OF THE AGE.

capacitynounUS /kəˈpæsəti/

capability to perform or produce

From this reading Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.

CATCHverbUS /kætʃ/

discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading THE BOYS CATCH THE SPIRIT OF THE AGE.

chargeverbUS /tʃɑːrdʒ/

to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle

From this reading He assumed the entire charge of the hens, ducks, geese, and turkeys.

departurenounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/

the act of departing

From this reading After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.

disturbverbUS /dɪˈstɜːrb/

move deeply

From this reading After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.

ducksnounUS /dʌks/

plural of “duck” — small wild or domesticated web-footed broad-billed swimming bird usually having a depressed body and short legs

From this reading He assumed the entire charge of the hens, ducks, geese, and turkeys.

ElmnounUS /elm/

any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees

From this reading After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.

enjoymentnounUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪmənt/

the pleasure felt when having a good time

From this reading After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.

entireadjectiveUS /ɪnˈtaɪər/

constituting the full quantity or extent; complete

From this reading He assumed the entire charge of the hens, ducks, geese, and turkeys.

evincedverbUS /ɪˈvɪnst/

past form of “evince” — give expression to

From this reading Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.

extremelyadverbUS /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Upon Ben’s recovery in the spring, he had hired Robert Yelf for the summer.

geesenounUS /ɡiːs/

plural of “goose” — web-footed long-necked typically gregarious migratory aquatic birds usually larger and less aquatic than ducks

From this reading He assumed the entire charge of the hens, ducks, geese, and turkeys.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Upon Ben’s recovery in the spring, he had hired Robert Yelf for the summer.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Upon Ben’s recovery in the spring, he had hired Robert Yelf for the summer.

hensnounUS /henz/

plural of “hen” — adult female chicken

From this reading He assumed the entire charge of the hens, ducks, geese, and turkeys.

heretoforeadverbUS /ˌhɪrtəˈfɔːr/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.

hiredadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪərd/

having services engaged for a fee

From this reading Upon Ben’s recovery in the spring, he had hired Robert Yelf for the summer.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Upon Ben’s recovery in the spring, he had hired Robert Yelf for the summer.

IslandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.

JrnounUS /ˈdʒuːnjər/

a son who has the same first name as his father

From this reading Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.

manifestverbUS /ˈmænəfest/

provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes

From this reading Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.

mischiefnounUS /ˈmɪstʃəf/

reckless or malicious behavior that causes discomfort or annoyance in others

From this reading Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.

notenounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.

occurredverbUS /əˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE BOYS CATCH THE SPIRIT OF THE AGE.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.

quietadjectiveUS /ˈkwaɪət/

characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity

From this reading After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.

recoverynounUS /rɪˈkʌvri/

return to an original state

From this reading Upon Ben’s recovery in the spring, he had hired Robert Yelf for the summer.

RobertnounUS /ˈrɑːbərt/

United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)

From this reading Upon Ben’s recovery in the spring, he had hired Robert Yelf for the summer.

SPIRITnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading THE BOYS CATCH THE SPIRIT OF THE AGE.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading Upon Ben’s recovery in the spring, he had hired Robert Yelf for the summer.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading Upon Ben’s recovery in the spring, he had hired Robert Yelf for the summer.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BOYS CATCH THE SPIRIT OF THE AGE.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.

turkeysnounUS /ˈtɜːrkiz/

plural of “turkey” — large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail; widely domesticated for food

From this reading He assumed the entire charge of the hens, ducks, geese, and turkeys.

UponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Upon Ben’s recovery in the spring, he had hired Robert Yelf for the summer.

usefuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːsfəl/

being of use or service

From this reading Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.

WelchverbUS /weltʃ/

cheat by avoiding payment of a gambling debt

From this reading After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Ben, Jr., who now began to manifest as great a capacity for work as he had heretofore evinced for mischief, made himself extremely useful.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading After the departure of James Welch, nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the quiet enjoyment of life on Elm Island.

Yelf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon Ben’s recovery in the spring, he had hired Robert Yelf for the summer.

Chapter 3 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island by Elijah Kellogg holds 66 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island contain?

Chapter 3 holds 66 sentences of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island by Elijah Kellogg exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 66 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island

Common questions about reading The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island by Elijah Kellogg on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island?

Yes. All 3299 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #54767 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #54767, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island take to read?

About 274 minutes of reading across 660 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island section by section

How to work through The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Island
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stories
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Elijah
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kellogg
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.