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The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island
The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island is here in full — 53 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island
Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
NEWS FROM HOME.
As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.
Captain Starrett, the brother of John’s master, was an inveterate smuggler.
The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.
Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island is here in full — 53 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
NEWS FROM HOME.
/nuːz frʌm hoʊm/
Line 2
As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.
/æz ðə ˈsʌmər wɑːz ˈdrɔːɪŋ tuː ə kloʊs ðə ˈiːvnɪŋz ɡruː ˈlɔːŋɡər ənd ðiːz ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃənz wɜːr rɪˈnuːd frʌm taɪm tuː taɪm æz ðə bɔɪz wɜːr ɪkˈsaɪtəd baɪ ˈhiːrɪŋ ʌv sʌm ɡreɪt slæp meɪd baɪ æn ˈentərpraɪzɪŋ ˈkæptən ɔːr sʌm ˈsmʌɡlər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈfɔːrtʃən ɪn wʌn ɔːr tuː trɪps tuː həˈvænə/
Line 3
Captain Starrett, the brother of John’s master, was an inveterate smuggler.
Line 4
The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.
Line 5
Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

enterprising adjective US /ˈentərpraɪzɪŋ/

marked by imagination, initiative, and readiness to undertake new projects

From this reading “As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.”

Havana noun US /həˈvænə/

the capital and largest city of Cuba; located in western Cuba; one of the oldest cities in the Americas

From this reading “As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.”

inveterate adjective US /ˌɪnˈvetərət/

habitual

From this reading “Captain Starrett, the brother of John’s master, was an inveterate smuggler.”

reliable adjective US /rɪˈlaɪəbəl/

worthy of reliance or trust

From this reading “Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.”

resorted verb US /rɪˈzɔːrtɪd/

past form of “resort” — have recourse to

From this reading “The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.”

slap verb US /slæp/

hit with something flat, like a paddle or the open hand

From this reading “As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.”

smuggler noun US /ˈsmʌɡlər/

someone who imports or exports without paying duties

From this reading “As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.”

voyages noun US /ˈvɔɪədʒəz/

plural of “voyage” — an act of traveling by water

From this reading “The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

seafaring men noun + noun

In this reading “The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.”

excellent opportunity adjective + noun

In this reading “Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.”

gain information verb + noun

In this reading “The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.”

small part adjective + noun

In this reading “Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.”

by hearing preposition + noun

In this reading “As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.”

FROM HOME preposition + noun

In this reading “NEWS FROM HOME.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

abundantadjectiveUS /əˈbʌndənt/

present in great quantity

From this reading The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.

accurateadjectiveUS /ˈækjərət/

conforming exactly or almost exactly to fact or to a standard or performing with total accuracy

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

affordedverbUS /əˈfɔːrdəd/

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

availverbUS /əˈveɪl/

use to one's advantage

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

BothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading Captain Starrett, the brother of John’s master, was an inveterate smuggler.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

captainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

conversationsnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃənz/

plural of “conversation” — the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

drawingnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

enterprisingadjectiveUS /ˈentərpraɪzɪŋ/

marked by imagination, initiative, and readiness to undertake new projects

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

eveningsnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋz/

plural of “evening” — the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

excellentadjectiveUS /ˈeksələnt/

very good; of the highest quality

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

excitedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsaɪtəd/

(of persons) excessively affected by emotion

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

Foss

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

FROMprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading NEWS FROM HOME.

gainverbUS /ɡeɪn/

obtain

From this reading The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.

HavananounUS /həˈvænə/

the capital and largest city of Cuba; located in western Cuba; one of the oldest cities in the Americas

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

hearingnounUS /ˈhiːrɪŋ/

(law) a proceeding (usually by a court) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

hesitateverbUS /ˈhezəteɪt/

pause or hold back in uncertainty or unwillingness

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

HOMEnounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading NEWS FROM HOME.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

informationnounUS /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/

a message received and understood

From this reading The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.

inveterateadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvetərət/

habitual

From this reading Captain Starrett, the brother of John’s master, was an inveterate smuggler.

John'snounUS /dʒɑːnz/

possessive form of “john” — a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading Captain Starrett, the brother of John’s master, was an inveterate smuggler.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading Captain Starrett, the brother of John’s master, was an inveterate smuggler.

mastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.

matesnounUS /meɪts/

a pair of people who live together

From this reading The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

NEWSnounUS /nuːz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading NEWS FROM HOME.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

obtainverbUS /əbˈteɪn/

come into possession of

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

opportunitiesnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnətiz/

plural of “opportunity” — a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.

opportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

ownedadjectiveUS /oʊnd/

having an owner; often used in combination

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

profitsnounUS /ˈprɑːfɪts/

the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses)

From this reading The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.

reliableadjectiveUS /rɪˈlaɪəbəl/

worthy of reliance or trust

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

renewedadjectiveUS /rɪˈnuːd/

restored to a new condition

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

resortedverbUS /rɪˈzɔːrtɪd/

past form of “resort” — have recourse to

From this reading The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.

seafaringnoun

the work of a sailor

From this reading The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

slapverbUS /slæp/

hit with something flat, like a paddle or the open hand

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

smugglernounUS /ˈsmʌɡlər/

someone who imports or exports without paying duties

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

Starrett

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Captain Starrett, the brother of John’s master, was an inveterate smuggler.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

tripsnounUS /trɪps/

plural of “trip” — a journey for some purpose (usually including the return)

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

vesselsnounUS /ˈvesəlz/

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

voyagesnounUS /ˈvɔɪədʒəz/

plural of “voyage” — an act of traveling by water

From this reading The house was resorted to by seafaring men, masters and mates, and the boys had abundant opportunities to gain information in respect to voyages and profits.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading As the summer was drawing to a close, the evenings grew longer, and these conversations were renewed from time to time, as the boys were excited by hearing of some great slap made by an enterprising captain, or some smuggler making a fortune in one or two trips to Havana.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Both Mr. Foss and Mr. Starrett owned a small part of several vessels, which afforded the boys an excellent opportunity to obtain accurate and reliable information, of which they did not hesitate to avail themselves.

Chapter 4 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island by Elijah Kellogg holds 53 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island contain?

Chapter 4 holds 53 sentences of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island by Elijah Kellogg exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 53 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island

Common questions about reading The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island by Elijah Kellogg on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island?

Yes. All 3299 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #54767 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #54767, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island take to read?

About 274 minutes of reading across 660 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island section by section

How to work through The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 26 chapters of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Island
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stories
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Elijah
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kellogg
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.