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The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island
The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island is here in full — 117 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SALLY COMES TO THE RESCUE.
Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.
Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.
At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.
John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island is here in full — 117 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SALLY COMES TO THE RESCUE.
/ˈsæli kʌmz tuː ðə ˈreskjuː/
Line 2
Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.
/taɪm naʊ pæst ˈveri ˈplezəntli ðer wɑːz ə ˈsmɔːlər ˈfæməli ðeɪ wɜːr nɑːt ɪkˈspoʊzd tuː ðə ˈweðər ənd ɪn ðə ˈiːvnɪŋz ˌenˈdʒɔɪd ðemˈselvz ˈveri mʌtʃ/
Line 3
Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.
Line 4
At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.
Line 5
John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

appliances noun US /əˈplaɪənsəz/

plural of “appliance” — a device or control that is very useful for a particular job

From this reading “John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.”

carpenters noun US /ˈkɑːrpəntərz/

plural of “carpenter” — a woodworker who makes or repairs wooden objects

From this reading “At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.”

economize verb US /ɪˈkɑːnəmaɪz/

use cautiously and frugally

From this reading “John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.”

fastening noun US /ˈfæsənɪŋ/

restraint that attaches to something or holds something in place

From this reading “At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.”

models noun US /ˈmɑːdəlz/

plural of “model” — a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading “Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.”

poring verb US /ˈpɔːrɪŋ/

-ing form of “pore” — direct one's attention on something

From this reading “Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.”

riveting adjective US /ˈrɪvətɪŋ/

capable of arousing and holding the attention

From this reading “At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.”

sparring noun US /ˈspɑːrɪŋ/

an argument in which the participants are trying to gain some advantage

From this reading “Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

difficult job adjective + noun

In this reading “John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.”

in the evenings preposition + article + noun counted as “in … evening”

In this reading “Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

appliancesnounUS /əˈplaɪənsəz/

plural of “appliance” — a device or control that is very useful for a particular job

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

blacksmithnounUS /ˈblæksmɪθ/

a smith who forges and shapes iron with a hammer and anvil

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

boatsnounUS /boʊts/

plural of “boat” — a small vessel for travel on water

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

boltsnounUS /boʊlts/

plural of “bolt” — a discharge of lightning accompanied by thunder

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

boredadjectiveUS /bɔːrd/

tired of the world

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

borrowedverbUS /ˈbɑːroʊd/

past form of “borrow” — get temporarily

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

carpentersnounUS /ˈkɑːrpəntərz/

plural of “carpenter” — a woodworker who makes or repairs wooden objects

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

Charlie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

COMESnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading SALLY COMES TO THE RESCUE.

contriving

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

disposalnounUS /dɪˈspoʊzəl/

the power to use something or someone

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

dividedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/

separated into parts or pieces

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

economizeverbUS /ɪˈkɑːnəmaɪz/

use cautiously and frugally

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

enjoyedverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪd/

past form of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

eveningsnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋz/

plural of “evening” — the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

exposedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspoʊzd/

with no protection or shield

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

fasteningnounUS /ˈfæsənɪŋ/

restraint that attaches to something or holds something in place

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

Foss

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

holesnounUS /hoʊlz/

plural of “hole” — an opening into or through something

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

imaginaryadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmædʒəneri/

not based on fact; existing only in the imagination

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

jobnounUS /dʒɑːb/

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

joiners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

labornounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

methodnounUS /ˈmeθəd/

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

modelsnounUS /ˈmɑːdəlz/

plural of “model” — a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

pleasantlyadverbUS /ˈplezəntli/

in a cheerful manner

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

poringverbUS /ˈpɔːrɪŋ/

-ing form of “pore” — direct one's attention on something

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

RESCUEverbUS /ˈreskjuː/

free from harm or evil

From this reading SALLY COMES TO THE RESCUE.

rivetingadjectiveUS /ˈrɪvətɪŋ/

capable of arousing and holding the attention

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

rudder-irons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

SALLYnounUS /ˈsæli/

witty remark

From this reading SALLY COMES TO THE RESCUE.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

sizenounUS /saɪz/

the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

sloopnounUS /sluːp/

a sailing vessel with a single mast set about one third of the boat's length aft of the bow

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

smalleradjectiveUS /ˈsmɔːlər/

small or little relative to something else

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

spar-makers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

sparringnounUS /ˈspɑːrɪŋ/

an argument in which the participants are trying to gain some advantage

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

surveyingnounUS /sərˈveɪɪŋ/

the practice of measuring angles and distances on the ground so that they can be accurately plotted on a map

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At that day labor was not divided, as it is now; carpenters were both spar-makers and joiners, bored all the holes, and put in the fastening, the blacksmith only riveting the bolts.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SALLY COMES TO THE RESCUE.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

TimenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading SALLY COMES TO THE RESCUE.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

vesselnounUS /ˈvesəl/

a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

vesselsnounUS /ˈvesəlz/

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Time now passed very pleasantly; there was a smaller family; they were not exposed to the weather, and in the evenings enjoyed themselves very much.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading John occupied himself in contriving how to economize his iron to the greatest possible extent, and in what method, with the means and appliances at his disposal, he should make the rudder-irons, which, for a vessel of the size of the sloop, was a heavy, difficult job.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Charlie employed himself in the study of surveying, and was more or less occupied in making models of imaginary vessels and boats, poring over an old English work on the sparring of vessels, which he had borrowed of Mr. Foss.

Chapter 16 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island by Elijah Kellogg holds 117 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island contain?

Chapter 16 holds 117 sentences of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island by Elijah Kellogg exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 117 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island

Common questions about reading The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island by Elijah Kellogg on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island?

Yes. All 3299 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #54767 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #54767, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island take to read?

About 274 minutes of reading across 660 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island section by section

How to work through The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Island
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stories
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Elijah
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kellogg
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.