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The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island
The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CAMPING.
Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.
Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.
Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.
In those days moose were more abundant in Maine than any other part of New England.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CAMPING.
/ˈkæmpɪŋ/
Line 2
Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.
/ˈmʌndi ˈmɔːrnɪŋ ɪt wɑːz ˈsplendɪd ˈwɔːkɪŋ ɑːn ðə krʌst ðeɪ meɪd ə lɔːŋ deɪz mɑːrtʃ ˈtrævəlɪŋ tɪl dɑːrk/
Line 3
Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.
/ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈfaɪər æt ðə ruːt ʌv ə triː ðeɪ flʌŋ sʌm brʌʃ ɑːn ðə snoʊ ənd leɪd daʊn ɪn ðer ˈblæŋkəts ɪn ðə ˈoʊ.pən er tuː sliːp/
Line 4
Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.
/kənˈtɪnjuːɪŋ tuː ˈfɑːloʊ ðə bæŋk ʌv ðə ˈlɪtəl striːm ðeɪ ˈstɑːrtɪd sʌm muːs əˈbaʊt ten əˈklɑːk ɪn ðə deɪ ðə krʌst wʊd ber ðem bʌt nɑːt ðə muːs huː broʊk θruː æt ˈevəri step ˈsteɪnɪŋ ðə snoʊ wɪð ðer blʌd/
Line 5
In those days moose were more abundant in Maine than any other part of New England.
/ɪn ðoʊz deɪz muːs wɜːr mɔːr əˈbʌndənt ɪn meɪn ðæn ˈeni ˈʌðər pɑːrt ʌv nuː ˈɪŋɡlənd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abundant adjective US /əˈbʌndənt/

present in great quantity

From this reading “In those days moose were more abundant in Maine than any other part of New England.”

camping noun US /ˈkæmpɪŋ/

the act of encamping and living in tents in a camp

From this reading “CAMPING.”

Continuing adjective US /kənˈtɪnjuːɪŋ/

remaining in force or being carried on without letup

From this reading “Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.”

crust noun US /krʌst/

the outer layer of the Earth

From this reading “Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.”

Maine noun US /meɪn/

a state in New England

From this reading “In those days moose were more abundant in Maine than any other part of New England.”

moose noun US /muːs/

large northern deer with enormous flattened antlers in the male; called “elk” in Europe and “moose” in North America

From this reading “Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.”

root noun US /ruːt/

(botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground

From this reading “Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.”

staining noun US /ˈsteɪnɪŋ/

(histology) the use of a dye to color specimens for microscopic study

From this reading “Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

open air verb + noun

where the air is unconfined

In this reading “Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.”

about ten preposition + noun

In this reading “Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.”

at the root preposition + article + noun counted as “at … root”

In this reading “Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.”

little stream adjective + noun

In this reading “Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.”

other part adjective + noun

In this reading “In those days moose were more abundant in Maine than any other part of New England.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

abundantadjectiveUS /əˈbʌndənt/

present in great quantity

From this reading In those days moose were more abundant in Maine than any other part of New England.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading In those days moose were more abundant in Maine than any other part of New England.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

banknounUS /bæŋk/

sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

blanketsnounUS /ˈblæŋkəts/

plural of “blanket” — bedding that keeps a person warm in bed

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

brokeadjectiveUS /broʊk/

lacking funds

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

brushverbUS /brʌʃ/

rub with a brush, or as if with a brush

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

CAMPINGnounUS /ˈkæmpɪŋ/

the act of encamping and living in tents in a camp

From this reading CAMPING.

ContinuingadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːɪŋ/

remaining in force or being carried on without letup

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

crustnounUS /krʌst/

the outer layer of the Earth

From this reading Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

day'snounUS /deɪz/

possessive form of “day” — time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading In those days moose were more abundant in Maine than any other part of New England.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading In those days moose were more abundant in Maine than any other part of New England.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

flungverbUS /flʌŋ/

inflected form of “fling” — throw with force or recklessness

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.

MainenounUS /meɪn/

a state in New England

From this reading In those days moose were more abundant in Maine than any other part of New England.

MakingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.

MondaynounUS /ˈmʌndi/

the second day of the week; the first working day

From this reading Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.

moosenounUS /muːs/

large northern deer with enormous flattened antlers in the male; called “elk” in Europe and “moose” in North America

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In those days moose were more abundant in Maine than any other part of New England.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading In those days moose were more abundant in Maine than any other part of New England.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/

according to the clock

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In those days moose were more abundant in Maine than any other part of New England.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading In those days moose were more abundant in Maine than any other part of New England.

rootnounUS /ruːt/

(botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

splendidadjectiveUS /ˈsplendɪd/

having great beauty and splendor

From this reading Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.

stainingnounUS /ˈsteɪnɪŋ/

(histology) the use of a dye to color specimens for microscopic study

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading In those days moose were more abundant in Maine than any other part of New England.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading In those days moose were more abundant in Maine than any other part of New England.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

travellingnounUS /ˈtrævəlɪŋ/

the act of going from one place to another

From this reading Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Making a fire at the root of a tree, they flung some brush on the snow, and laid down in their blankets in the open air to sleep.

walkingadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːkɪŋ/

close enough to be walked to

From this reading Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Monday morning it was splendid walking on the crust; they made a long day’s march, travelling till dark.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In those days moose were more abundant in Maine than any other part of New England.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Continuing to follow the bank of the little stream, they started some moose about ten o’clock in the day; the crust would bear them, but not the moose, who broke through at every step, staining the snow with their blood.

Chapter 20 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island by Elijah Kellogg holds 96 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island contain?

Chapter 20 holds 96 sentences of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island by Elijah Kellogg exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 96 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island

Common questions about reading The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island by Elijah Kellogg on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island?

Yes. All 3299 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #54767 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #54767, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island take to read?

About 274 minutes of reading across 660 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Island
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stories
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Elijah
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kellogg
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hard-Scrabble of Elm Island; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.