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The Hated Son
The Hated Son

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Hated Son is here in full — 183 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
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In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.
You might have thought him a body resurrected from the grave.
His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.
The warrior and the fanatic still shone in those yellow eyes, tempered now by religious sentiment.
Devotion had cast a monastic tone upon the face, formerly so hard, but now marked with tints which softened its expression.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Hated Son

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Hated Son is here in full — 183 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.
Line 2
You might have thought him a body resurrected from the grave.
/juː maɪt hæv θɔːt hɪm ə ˈbɑːdi ˌrezərˈektɪd frʌm ðə ɡreɪv/
Line 3
His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.
/hɪz wʌns ˌenərˈdʒetɪk feɪs strɪpt ʌv ɪts ˈsɪnɪstər ˈæspekt baɪ oʊld eɪdʒ ənd ˈsʌfərɪŋ wɑːz ˈɡæstli ɪn ˈkʌlər ˈmætʃɪŋ ðə lɔːŋ ˈmeʃɪz ʌv waɪt her wɪtʃ fel ərˈaʊnd hɪz bɔːld hed ðə ˈjeloʊ skʌl ʌv wɪtʃ siːmd ˈsɔːfənɪŋ/
Line 4
The warrior and the fanatic still shone in those yellow eyes, tempered now by religious sentiment.
/ðə ˈwɔːriər ənd ðə fəˈnætɪk stɪl ʃoʊn ɪn ðoʊz ˈjeloʊ aɪz ˈtempərd naʊ baɪ rɪˈlɪdʒəs ˈsentəmənt/
Line 5
Devotion had cast a monastic tone upon the face, formerly so hard, but now marked with tints which softened its expression.
/dɪˈvoʊʃən hæd kæst ə məˈnæstɪk toʊn əˈpɑːn ðə feɪs ˈfɔːrmərli soʊ hɑːrd bʌt naʊ mɑːrkt wɪð tɪnts wɪtʃ ˈsɔːfənd ɪts ɪkˈspreʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

decrepit adjective US /dəˈkrepɪt/

worn and broken down by hard use

From this reading “In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.”

fanatic noun US /fəˈnætɪk/

a person motivated by irrational enthusiasm (as for a cause)

From this reading “The warrior and the fanatic still shone in those yellow eyes, tempered now by religious sentiment.”

matching adjective US /ˈmætʃɪŋ/

being two identical

From this reading “His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.”

meshes noun US /ˈmeʃɪz/

plural of “mesh” — the number of openings per linear inch of a screen; measures size of particles

From this reading “His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.”

monastic adjective US /məˈnæstɪk/

of communal life sequestered from the world under religious vows

From this reading “Devotion had cast a monastic tone upon the face, formerly so hard, but now marked with tints which softened its expression.”

resurrected verb US /ˌrezərˈektɪd/

past form of “resurrect” — cause to become alive again

From this reading “You might have thought him a body resurrected from the grave.”

softening noun US /ˈsɔːfənɪŋ/

the process of becoming softer

From this reading “His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.”

tints noun US /tɪnts/

plural of “tint” — a quality of a given color that differs slightly from another color

From this reading “Devotion had cast a monastic tone upon the face, formerly so hard, but now marked with tints which softened its expression.”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1617

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading You might have thought him a body resurrected from the grave.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

arm-chair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

aspectnounUS /ˈæspekt/

a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

baldadjectiveUS /bɔːld/

with no effort to conceal

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

bedroomnounUS /ˈbedruːm/

a room used primarily for sleeping

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading You might have thought him a body resurrected from the grave.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Devotion had cast a monastic tone upon the face, formerly so hard, but now marked with tints which softened its expression.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading Devotion had cast a monastic tone upon the face, formerly so hard, but now marked with tints which softened its expression.

colornounUS /ˈkʌlər/

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

d'Herouville

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

decrepitadjectiveUS /dəˈkrepɪt/

worn and broken down by hard use

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

DevotionnounUS /dɪˈvoʊʃən/

feelings of ardent love

From this reading Devotion had cast a monastic tone upon the face, formerly so hard, but now marked with tints which softened its expression.

Duc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

energeticadjectiveUS /ˌenərˈdʒetɪk/

possessing or exerting or displaying energy

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

Etienne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading Devotion had cast a monastic tone upon the face, formerly so hard, but now marked with tints which softened its expression.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading The warrior and the fanatic still shone in those yellow eyes, tempered now by religious sentiment.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

fanaticnounUS /fəˈnætɪk/

a person motivated by irrational enthusiasm (as for a cause)

From this reading The warrior and the fanatic still shone in those yellow eyes, tempered now by religious sentiment.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

formerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading Devotion had cast a monastic tone upon the face, formerly so hard, but now marked with tints which softened its expression.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading You might have thought him a body resurrected from the grave.

ghastlyadjectiveUS /ˈɡæstli/

shockingly repellent; inspiring horror

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

gothicadjectiveUS /ˈɡɑːθɪk/

characteristic of the style of type commonly used for printing German

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

gravenounUS /ɡreɪv/

death of a person

From this reading You might have thought him a body resurrected from the grave.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Devotion had cast a monastic tone upon the face, formerly so hard, but now marked with tints which softened its expression.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading You might have thought him a body resurrected from the grave.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

heavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading You might have thought him a body resurrected from the grave.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

hornnounUS /hɔːrn/

a noisemaker (as at parties or games) that makes a loud noise when you blow through it

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

horribleadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːrəbəl/

provoking horror

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

immenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmens/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

imploredverbUS /ˌɪmˈplɔːrd/

past form of “implore” — call upon in supplication; entreat

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading Devotion had cast a monastic tone upon the face, formerly so hard, but now marked with tints which softened its expression.

matchingadjectiveUS /ˈmætʃɪŋ/

being two identical

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

meshesnounUS /ˈmeʃɪz/

plural of “mesh” — the number of openings per linear inch of a screen; measures size of particles

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading You might have thought him a body resurrected from the grave.

monasticadjectiveUS /məˈnæstɪk/

of communal life sequestered from the world under religious vows

From this reading Devotion had cast a monastic tone upon the face, formerly so hard, but now marked with tints which softened its expression.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The warrior and the fanatic still shone in those yellow eyes, tempered now by religious sentiment.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

religiousadjectiveUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading The warrior and the fanatic still shone in those yellow eyes, tempered now by religious sentiment.

resurrectedverbUS /ˌrezərˈektɪd/

past form of “resurrect” — cause to become alive again

From this reading You might have thought him a body resurrected from the grave.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

sentimentnounUS /ˈsentəmənt/

tender, romantic, or nostalgic feeling or emotion

From this reading The warrior and the fanatic still shone in those yellow eyes, tempered now by religious sentiment.

seventy-sixadjective

being six more than seventy

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

shoneverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “shine” — be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading The warrior and the fanatic still shone in those yellow eyes, tempered now by religious sentiment.

sinisteradjectiveUS /ˈsɪnɪstər/

threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

skullnounUS /skʌl/

the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

softenedadjectiveUS /ˈsɔːfənd/

toned down

From this reading Devotion had cast a monastic tone upon the face, formerly so hard, but now marked with tints which softened its expression.

softeningnounUS /ˈsɔːfənɪŋ/

the process of becoming softer

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

soundsnounUS /saʊndz/

plural of “sound” — the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The warrior and the fanatic still shone in those yellow eyes, tempered now by religious sentiment.

strippedadjectiveUS /strɪpt/

having only essential or minimal features

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

sufferingnounUS /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

a state of acute pain

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

sunsetnounUS /ˈsʌnset/

the time in the evening at which the sun begins to fall below the horizon

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

temperedadjectiveUS /ˈtempərd/

made hard or flexible or resilient especially by heat treatment

From this reading The warrior and the fanatic still shone in those yellow eyes, tempered now by religious sentiment.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The warrior and the fanatic still shone in those yellow eyes, tempered now by religious sentiment.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading You might have thought him a body resurrected from the grave.

tintsnounUS /tɪnts/

plural of “tint” — a quality of a given color that differs slightly from another color

From this reading Devotion had cast a monastic tone upon the face, formerly so hard, but now marked with tints which softened its expression.

tonenounUS /toʊn/

the quality of a person's voice

From this reading Devotion had cast a monastic tone upon the face, formerly so hard, but now marked with tints which softened its expression.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Devotion had cast a monastic tone upon the face, formerly so hard, but now marked with tints which softened its expression.

vainlyadverbUS /ˈveɪnli/

to no avail

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

warriornounUS /ˈwɔːriər/

someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading The warrior and the fanatic still shone in those yellow eyes, tempered now by religious sentiment.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

wastedadjectiveUS /ˈweɪstɪd/

serving no useful purpose; having no excuse for being

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Devotion had cast a monastic tone upon the face, formerly so hard, but now marked with tints which softened its expression.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading In 1617, twenty and some years after the horrible night during which Etienne came into the world, the Duc d’Herouville, then seventy-six years old, broken, decrepit, almost dead, was sitting at sunset in an immense arm-chair, before the gothic window of his bedroom, at the place where his wife had so vainly implored, by the sounds of the horn wasted on the air, the help of men and heaven.

yellowadjectiveUS /ˈjeloʊ/

of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk

From this reading His once energetic face, stripped of its sinister aspect by old age and suffering, was ghastly in color, matching the long meshes of white hair which fell around his bald head, the yellow skull of which seemed softening.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading You might have thought him a body resurrected from the grave.

Chapter 4 of The Hated Son by Honoré de Balzac holds 183 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Hated Son contain?

Chapter 4 holds 183 sentences of The Hated Son, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Hated Son by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 183 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Hated Son?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Hated Son

Common questions about reading The Hated Son by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Hated Son?

Yes. All 1430 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1455 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Hated Son is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1455, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Hated Son take to read?

About 119 minutes of reading across 286 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Hated Son section by section

How to work through The Hated Son section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 7 chapters of The Hated Son to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Hated Son

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Hated Son, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Winter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hated Son; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Night
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hated Son; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Morning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hated Son; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Comtesse
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hated Son; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.