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The Headsman
The Headsman

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of The Headsman is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.
Thomson.
So long as we possess the power to struggle, hope is the last feeling to desert the human mind.
Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.
But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Headsman

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of The Headsman is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.
Line 2
Thomson.
/ˈtɑːmsən/
Line 3
So long as we possess the power to struggle, hope is the last feeling to desert the human mind.
/soʊ lɔːŋ æz wiː pəˈzes ðə ˈpaʊər tuː ˈstrʌɡəl hoʊp ɪz ðə læst ˈfiːlɪŋ tuː ˈdezərt ðə ˈhjuːmən maɪnd/
Line 4
Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.
Line 5
But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.
/bʌt noʊ dɪˈskrɪpʃən wɪð ðə pen kæn ɡɪv ðə ˈriːdər ə dʒʌst aɪˈdiːə ʌv ðə tʃɪl ðæt kʌmz ˈoʊvər ðə hɑːrt wen ˌæksəˈdentəl ˈkɑːzəz rɑːb ʌs ˈsʌdənli ənd wɪˈθaʊt ˈnoʊtəs ʌv ðoʊz ˈriːsɔːrsɪz ɑːn wɪtʃ wiː hæv bɪn həˈbɪtʃuːəli əˈkʌstəmd tuː rɪˈlaɪ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accidental adjective US /ˌæksəˈdentəl/

happening by chance or unexpectedly or unintentionally

From this reading “But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.”

Creative adjective US /kriˈeɪtɪv/

having the ability or power to create

From this reading “Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.”

energies noun US /ˈenərdʒiz/

plural of “energy” — (physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs

From this reading “Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.”

gradation noun US /ɡreɪˈdeɪʃən/

relative position in a graded series

From this reading “Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.”

habitually adverb US /həˈbɪtʃuːəli/

according to habit or custom

From this reading “But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.”

precipitation noun US /prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃən/

the quantity of water falling to earth at a specific place within a specified period of time

From this reading “Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.”

presuming verb US /prɪˈzuːmɪŋ/

-ing form of “presume” — take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading “Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.”

Thomson noun US /ˈtɑːmsən/

United States composer who collaborated with Gertrude Stein (1896-1989)

From this reading “Thomson.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

accidentaladjectiveUS /ˌæksəˈdentəl/

happening by chance or unexpectedly or unintentionally

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

accustomedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌstəmd/

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

admirableadjectiveUS /ˈædmərəbəl/

deserving of the highest esteem or admiration

From this reading Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.

aughtnounUS /ɔːt/

a quantity of no importance

From this reading Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

calmverbUS /kɑːm/

make calm or still

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

causesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

chillnounUS /tʃɪl/

coldness due to a cold environment

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

CreativeadjectiveUS /kriˈeɪtɪv/

having the ability or power to create

From this reading Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.

descriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

desertverbUS /ˈdezərt/

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading So long as we possess the power to struggle, hope is the last feeling to desert the human mind.

despairnounUS /dɪˈsper/

a state in which all hope is lost or absent

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

effectiveadjectiveUS /ɪˈfektɪv/

producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

endowedadjectiveUS /enˈdaʊd/

provided or supplied or equipped with (especially as by inheritance or nature)

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

endsnounUS /endz/

plural of “end” — either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.

energiesnounUS /ˈenərdʒiz/

plural of “energy” — (physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

energynounUS /ˈenərdʒi/

(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

exercisenounUS /ˈeksərsaɪz/

the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

fearfuladjectiveUS /ˈfɪrfəl/

experiencing or showing fear

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading So long as we possess the power to struggle, hope is the last feeling to desert the human mind.

firmnessnounUS /ˈfɜːrmnəs/

the muscle tone of healthy tissue

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.

form'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

gradationnounUS /ɡreɪˈdeɪʃən/

relative position in a graded series

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

growsverbUS /ɡroʊz/

third-person singular of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

habituallyadverbUS /həˈbɪtʃuːəli/

according to habit or custom

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

headlongadverbUS /ˈhedlɔːŋ/

with the head foremost

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading So long as we possess the power to struggle, hope is the last feeling to desert the human mind.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading So long as we possess the power to struggle, hope is the last feeling to desert the human mind.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.

ill-directed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

imposingadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

impressive in appearance

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading So long as we possess the power to struggle, hope is the last feeling to desert the human mind.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading So long as we possess the power to struggle, hope is the last feeling to desert the human mind.

Letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading So long as we possess the power to struggle, hope is the last feeling to desert the human mind.

MennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading So long as we possess the power to struggle, hope is the last feeling to desert the human mind.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.

noticenounUS /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

pennounUS /pen/

a writing implement with a point from which ink flows

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

physicaladjectiveUS /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

possessverbUS /pəˈzes/

have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading So long as we possess the power to struggle, hope is the last feeling to desert the human mind.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading So long as we possess the power to struggle, hope is the last feeling to desert the human mind.

precipitationnounUS /prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃən/

the quantity of water falling to earth at a specific place within a specified period of time

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

presumingverbUS /prɪˈzuːmɪŋ/

-ing form of “presume” — take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.

railer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

recklessadjectiveUS /ˈrekləs/

marked by defiant disregard for danger or consequences

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

reflectionnounUS /rɪˈflekʃən/

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

relyverbUS /rɪˈlaɪ/

have faith or confidence in

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

renderedverbUS /ˈrendərd/

past form of “render” — cause to become

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

resolutionnounUS /ˌrezəˈluːʃən/

a formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

resourcesnounUS /ˈriːsɔːrsɪz/

plural of “resource” — available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

respectableadjectiveUS /rɪˈspektəbəl/

characterized by socially or conventionally acceptable morals

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

robverbUS /rɑːb/

take something away by force or without the consent of the owner

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So long as we possess the power to struggle, hope is the last feeling to desert the human mind.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading So long as we possess the power to struggle, hope is the last feeling to desert the human mind.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

taxverbUS /tæks/

levy a tax on

From this reading Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading So long as we possess the power to struggle, hope is the last feeling to desert the human mind.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

ThomsonnounUS /ˈtɑːmsən/

United States composer who collaborated with Gertrude Stein (1896-1989)

From this reading Thomson.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading So long as we possess the power to struggle, hope is the last feeling to desert the human mind.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

vainadjectiveUS /veɪn/

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading So long as we possess the power to struggle, hope is the last feeling to desert the human mind.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

wisdomnounUS /ˈwɪzdəm/

accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment

From this reading Let no presuming railer tax Creative wisdom, as if aught was form'd In vain, or not for admirable ends.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Men are endowed with every gradation of courage, from the calm energy of reflection, which is rendered still more effective by physical firmness, to the headlong precipitation of reckless spirit: from the resolution that grows more imposing and more respectable as there is greater occasion for its exercise, to the fearful and ill-directed energies of despair.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading But no description with the pen can give the reader a just idea of the chill that comes over the heart when accidental causes rob us, suddenly and without notice, of those resources on which we have been habitually accustomed to rely.

Chapter 23 of The Headsman by James Fenimore Cooper holds 143 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of The Headsman contain?

Chapter 23 holds 143 sentences of The Headsman, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of The Headsman by James Fenimore Cooper exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 143 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of The Headsman?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Headsman

Common questions about reading The Headsman by James Fenimore Cooper on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Headsman?

Yes. All 5255 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #10938 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Headsman is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #10938, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Headsman take to read?

About 437 minutes of reading across 1051 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Headsman section by section

How to work through The Headsman section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of The Headsman to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Headsman

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Headsman, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Glimmered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Headsman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gentle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Headsman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Breeze
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Headsman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ruffling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Headsman; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.