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The Heart of Unaga
The Heart of Unaga

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Heart of Unaga is here in full — 343 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Heart of Unaga
Context Illustration Reading 1/68 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
BIG CHIEF WANAK-AHA The enclosure of the fort was at last cleared of snow.
It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.
Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.
Oolak was at the quarters of the train dogs at the back of the store.
These were his charge.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Heart of Unaga

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Heart of Unaga is here in full — 343 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/68 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BIG CHIEF WANAK-AHA The enclosure of the fort was at last cleared of snow.
Line 2
It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.
/ɪt wɑːz naʊ ˈredi ˈweɪtɪŋ fɔːr ðə ˈeləmənts tuː ˈrendər əˈbɔːrtɪv ɪn ə fjuː ʃɔːrt ˈaʊərz ðə ˈleɪbər ʌv ˈmeni deɪz/
Line 3
Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.
Line 4
Oolak was at the quarters of the train dogs at the back of the store.
Line 5
These were his charge.
/ðiːz wɜːr hɪz tʃɑːrdʒ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abortive adjective US /əˈbɔːrtɪv/

failing to accomplish an intended result

From this reading “It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.”

canoes noun US /kəˈnuːz/

plural of “canoe” — small and light boat; pointed at both ends; propelled with a paddle

From this reading “Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.”

elements noun US /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading “It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.”

enclosure noun US /enˈkloʊʒər/

a structure consisting of an area that has been enclosed for some purpose

From this reading “BIG CHIEF WANAK-AHA The enclosure of the fort was at last cleared of snow.”

housed verb US /haʊzd/

past form of “house” — contain or cover

From this reading “Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.”

render verb US /ˈrendər/

cause to become

From this reading “It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.”

sheds noun US /ʃedz/

plural of “shed” — an outbuilding with a single story; used for shelter or storage

From this reading “Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.”

sleds noun US /sledz/

plural of “sled” — a vehicle mounted on runners and pulled by horses or dogs; for transportation over snow

From this reading “Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.

abortiveadjectiveUS /əˈbɔːrtɪv/

failing to accomplish an intended result

From this reading It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading BIG CHIEF WANAK-AHA The enclosure of the fort was at last cleared of snow.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Oolak was at the quarters of the train dogs at the back of the store.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.

BIGadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading BIG CHIEF WANAK-AHA The enclosure of the fort was at last cleared of snow.

briefadjectiveUS /briːf/

of short duration or distance

From this reading Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.

canoesnounUS /kəˈnuːz/

plural of “canoe” — small and light boat; pointed at both ends; propelled with a paddle

From this reading Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.

chargeverbUS /tʃɑːrdʒ/

to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle

From this reading These were his charge.

CHIEFnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading BIG CHIEF WANAK-AHA The enclosure of the fort was at last cleared of snow.

clearedadjectiveUS /klɪrd/

rid of objects or obstructions such as e.g. trees and brush

From this reading BIG CHIEF WANAK-AHA The enclosure of the fort was at last cleared of snow.

daylightnounUS /ˈdeɪlaɪt/

the time after sunrise and before sunset while it is light outside

From this reading Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.

dogsnounUS /dɑːɡz/

plural of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading Oolak was at the quarters of the train dogs at the back of the store.

elementsnounUS /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.

enclosurenounUS /enˈkloʊʒər/

a structure consisting of an area that has been enclosed for some purpose

From this reading BIG CHIEF WANAK-AHA The enclosure of the fort was at last cleared of snow.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.

fortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading BIG CHIEF WANAK-AHA The enclosure of the fort was at last cleared of snow.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading These were his charge.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.

housedverbUS /haʊzd/

past form of “house” — contain or cover

From this reading Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.

Julyman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading BIG CHIEF WANAK-AHA The enclosure of the fort was at last cleared of snow.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading BIG CHIEF WANAK-AHA The enclosure of the fort was at last cleared of snow.

Oolak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Oolak was at the quarters of the train dogs at the back of the store.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.

quartersnounUS /ˈkwɔːrtərz/

housing available for people to live in

From this reading Oolak was at the quarters of the train dogs at the back of the store.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.

renderverbUS /ˈrendər/

cause to become

From this reading It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.

settingnounUS /ˈsetɪŋ/

the context and environment in which something is set

From this reading Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.

shedsnounUS /ʃedz/

plural of “shed” — an outbuilding with a single story; used for shelter or storage

From this reading Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.

sledsnounUS /sledz/

plural of “sled” — a vehicle mounted on runners and pulled by horses or dogs; for transportation over snow

From this reading Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading BIG CHIEF WANAK-AHA The enclosure of the fort was at last cleared of snow.

snow-break

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.

Steve

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.

storenounUS /stɔːr/

a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading Oolak was at the quarters of the train dogs at the back of the store.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading BIG CHIEF WANAK-AHA The enclosure of the fort was at last cleared of snow.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These were his charge.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.

trainverbUS /treɪn/

create by training and teaching

From this reading Oolak was at the quarters of the train dogs at the back of the store.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.

waitingnounUS /ˈweɪtɪŋ/

the act of waiting (remaining inactive in one place while expecting something)

From this reading It was now ready, waiting for the elements to render abortive in a few short hours the labour of many days.

WANAK-AHA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BIG CHIEF WANAK-AHA The enclosure of the fort was at last cleared of snow.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading BIG CHIEF WANAK-AHA The enclosure of the fort was at last cleared of snow.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These were his charge.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Julyman and Steve had spent the brief daylight in setting up a snow-break before the open sheds which housed the sleds and canoes.

Chapter 8 of The Heart of Unaga by Ridgwell Cullum holds 343 sentences, grouped into 69 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Heart of Unaga contain?

Chapter 8 holds 343 sentences of The Heart of Unaga, unabridged, divided into 69 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Heart of Unaga by Ridgwell Cullum exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 343 sentences, grouped into 69 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Heart of Unaga?

Work through the 69 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 69 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Heart of Unaga

Common questions about reading The Heart of Unaga by Ridgwell Cullum on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Heart of Unaga?

Yes. All 11446 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23662 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Heart of Unaga is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23662, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Heart of Unaga take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2290 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Heart of Unaga section by section

How to work through The Heart of Unaga section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 36 chapters of The Heart of Unaga to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Heart of Unaga

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Heart of Unaga, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Heart of Unaga; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Triumph
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Heart of Unaga; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Breakers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Heart of Unaga; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Strong
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Heart of Unaga; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.