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The Heir of Mondolfo
The Heir of Mondolfo

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Heir of Mondolfo is here in full — 523 sentences across 105 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/104 · 5 lines
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MISCELLANY OF POPULAR LITERATURE.
JANUARY-JUNE, 1877.
In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.
His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.
The hills around were covered with ilex-forests, or subdued to the culture of the olive and vine.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Heir of Mondolfo

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Heir of Mondolfo is here in full — 523 sentences across 105 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/104 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MISCELLANY OF POPULAR LITERATURE.
/ˈmɪsəleɪni ʌv ˈpɑːpjələr ˈlɪtərətʃər/
Line 2
JANUARY-JUNE, 1877.
Line 3
In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.
Line 4
His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.
/hɪz ˈkæsəl ˌɪtˈself ə ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld wɑːz bɪlt ɑːn ə ˈrɑːki ˈemənəns ˈtɑːpəlɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə bluː ənd ˈlʌvli ˌmedətərˈeɪniən/
Line 5
The hills around were covered with ilex-forests, or subdued to the culture of the olive and vine.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

eminence noun US /ˈemənəns/

high status importance owing to marked superiority

From this reading “His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.”

governed noun US /ˈɡʌvərnd/

the body of people who are citizens of a particular government

From this reading “In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.”

Mediterranean noun US /ˌmedətərˈeɪniən/

the largest inland sea; between Europe and Africa and Asia

From this reading “His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.”

miscellany noun US /ˈmɪsəleɪni/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading “MISCELLANY OF POPULAR LITERATURE.”

monarchs noun US /ˈmɑːnɑːrks/

plural of “monarch” — a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right

From this reading “In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.”

stronghold noun US /ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld/

a strongly fortified defensive structure

From this reading “His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.”

territorial adjective US /ˌterɪˈtɔːriəl/

of or relating to a territory

From this reading “In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.”

toppling verb US /ˈtɑːpəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “topple” — fall down, as if collapsing

From this reading “His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

toppling over verb + particle counted as “topple over”

In this reading “His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.”

wild country adjective + noun

In this reading “In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.”

at the time preposition + article + noun counted as “at … time”

simultaneously

In this reading “In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.”

in the Kingdom preposition + article + noun counted as “in … kingdom”

In this reading “In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1877

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading JANUARY-JUNE, 1877.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

Anjounoun

a former province of western France in the Loire valley

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading The hills around were covered with ilex-forests, or subdued to the culture of the olive and vine.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

castlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading The hills around were covered with ilex-forests, or subdued to the culture of the olive and vine.

culturenounUS /ˈkʌltʃər/

a particular society at a particular time and place

From this reading The hills around were covered with ilex-forests, or subdued to the culture of the olive and vine.

eminencenounUS /ˈemənəns/

high status importance owing to marked superiority

From this reading His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.

governednounUS /ˈɡʌvərnd/

the body of people who are citizens of a particular government

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The hills around were covered with ilex-forests, or subdued to the culture of the olive and vine.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

ilex-forests

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The hills around were covered with ilex-forests, or subdued to the culture of the olive and vine.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.

JANUARY-JUNE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading JANUARY-JUNE, 1877.

KingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

LITERATUREnounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading MISCELLANY OF POPULAR LITERATURE.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

lovelyadjectiveUS /ˈlʌvli/

appealing to the emotions as well as the eye

From this reading His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.

MediterraneannounUS /ˌmedətərˈeɪniən/

the largest inland sea; between Europe and Africa and Asia

From this reading His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.

MISCELLANYnounUS /ˈmɪsəleɪni/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading MISCELLANY OF POPULAR LITERATURE.

monarchsnounUS /ˈmɑːnɑːrks/

plural of “monarch” — a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

NaplesnounUS /ˈneɪpəlz/

a port and tourist center in southwestern Italy; capital of the Campania region

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

neighboringadjectiveUS /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

having a common boundary or edge; abutting; touching

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

noblesnounUS /ˈnoʊbəlz/

plural of “noble” — a titled peer of the realm

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MISCELLANY OF POPULAR LITERATURE.

oliveadjectiveUS /ˈɑːləv/

of a yellow-green color similar to that of an unripe olive

From this reading The hills around were covered with ilex-forests, or subdued to the culture of the olive and vine.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The hills around were covered with ilex-forests, or subdued to the culture of the olive and vine.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.

overbalanced

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

POPULARadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public

From this reading MISCELLANY OF POPULAR LITERATURE.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

rockyadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.

Sorrento

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

strongholdnounUS /ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld/

a strongly fortified defensive structure

From this reading His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.

subduedadjectiveUS /səbˈduːd/

in a softened tone

From this reading The hills around were covered with ilex-forests, or subdued to the culture of the olive and vine.

territorialadjectiveUS /ˌterɪˈtɔːriəl/

of or relating to a territory

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The hills around were covered with ilex-forests, or subdued to the culture of the olive and vine.

topplingverbUS /ˈtɑːpəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “topple” — fall down, as if collapsing

From this reading His castle, itself a stronghold, was built on a rocky eminence, toppling over the blue and lovely Mediterranean.

vinenounUS /vaɪn/

a plant with a weak stem that derives support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface

From this reading The hills around were covered with ilex-forests, or subdued to the culture of the olive and vine.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The hills around were covered with ilex-forests, or subdued to the culture of the olive and vine.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading In the beautiful and wild country near Sorrento, in the Kingdom of Naples, at the time it was governed by monarchs of the house of Anjou, there lived a territorial noble, whose wealth and power overbalanced that of the neighboring nobles.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The hills around were covered with ilex-forests, or subdued to the culture of the olive and vine.

Chapter 1 of The Heir of Mondolfo by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley holds 523 sentences, grouped into 105 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Heir of Mondolfo contain?

Chapter 1 holds 523 sentences of The Heir of Mondolfo, unabridged, divided into 105 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Heir of Mondolfo by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 523 sentences, grouped into 105 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Heir of Mondolfo?

Work through the 105 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 105 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #66545, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 43 minutes of reading across 105 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The Heir of Mondolfo

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Heir of Mondolfo, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Miscellany
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Heir of Mondolfo; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Popular
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Heir of Mondolfo; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Literature
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Heir of Mondolfo; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
January-june
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Heir of Mondolfo; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.