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The Heritage of the Kurts, Volume 1 (of 2)
The Heritage of the Kurts, Volume 1 (of 2)

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The Heritage of the Kurts, Volume 1 (of 2) is here in full — 272 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Heritage of the Kurts, Volume 1 (of 2)
Context Illustration Reading 1/54 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.
For the first time he had a companion.
Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.
They had led quite an Arcadian life together--literally without thought for the morrow.
People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Heritage of the Kurts, Volume 1 (of 2)

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The Heritage of the Kurts, Volume 1 (of 2) is here in full — 272 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/54 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.
Line 2
For the first time he had a companion.
/fɔːr ðə fɜːrst taɪm hiː hæd ə kəmˈpænjən/
Line 3
Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.
Line 4
They had led quite an Arcadian life together--literally without thought for the morrow.
Line 5
People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Arcadian noun US /ˌɑːrˈkeɪdiən/

an inhabitant of Arcadia

From this reading “They had led quite an Arcadian life together--literally without thought for the morrow.”

bereavement noun US /bərˈiːvmənt/

state of sorrow over the death or departure of a loved one

From this reading “People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.”

curate noun US /ˈkjʊrət/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading “Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.”

Danish noun US /ˈdeɪnɪʃ/

a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Denmark

From this reading “Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.”

enthusiastic adjective US /ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪk/

having or showing great excitement and interest

From this reading “Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.”

external adjective US /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading “THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.”

literally adverb US /ˈlɪtərəli/

in a literal sense

From this reading “They had led quite an Arcadian life together--literally without thought for the morrow.”

morrow noun US /ˈmɑːroʊ/

the next day

From this reading “They had led quite an Arcadian life together--literally without thought for the morrow.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

few years adjective + noun

In this reading “People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.”

first time adjective + noun

In this reading “For the first time he had a companion.”

took place verb + noun counted as “take place”

come to pass

In this reading “THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.”

at times preposition + noun

sporadically and infrequently

In this reading “People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.”

Some years adjective + noun

In this reading “Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.”

IN THE GARDEN preposition + article + noun counted as “in … garden”

In this reading “THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading They had led quite an Arcadian life together--literally without thought for the morrow.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

ArcadiannounUS /ˌɑːrˈkeɪdiən/

an inhabitant of Arcadia

From this reading They had led quite an Arcadian life together--literally without thought for the morrow.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.

bereavementnounUS /bərˈiːvmənt/

state of sorrow over the death or departure of a loved one

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

companionnounUS /kəmˈpænjən/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading For the first time he had a companion.

curatenounUS /ˈkjʊrət/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.

DanishnounUS /ˈdeɪnɪʃ/

a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Denmark

From this reading Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

enthusiasticadjectiveUS /ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪk/

having or showing great excitement and interest

From this reading Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.

externaladjectiveUS /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading For the first time he had a companion.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the first time he had a companion.

GARDENnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading For the first time he had a companion.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For the first time he had a companion.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

ladynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.

LASTadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading They had led quite an Arcadian life together--literally without thought for the morrow.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.

literallyadverbUS /ˈlɪtərəli/

in a literal sense

From this reading They had led quite an Arcadian life together--literally without thought for the morrow.

managedverbUS /ˈmænədʒd/

past form of “manage” — be successful; achieve a goal

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.

morrownounUS /ˈmɑːroʊ/

the next day

From this reading They had led quite an Arcadian life together--literally without thought for the morrow.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

PeoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading They had led quite an Arcadian life together--literally without thought for the morrow.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.

supportnounUS /səˈpɔːrt/

the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had led quite an Arcadian life together--literally without thought for the morrow.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading They had led quite an Arcadian life together--literally without thought for the morrow.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading They had led quite an Arcadian life together--literally without thought for the morrow.

Tomas's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.

Vangen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading People are always very kind at times of bereavement; she managed to support her children and herself for the first few years, for those that followed there was no necessity to do so--she died.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Some years back, there had died in the town a curate named Vangen, who had married a very enthusiastic Danish lady.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading They had led quite an Arcadian life together--literally without thought for the morrow.

YEARSnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading THE LAST YEARS IN THE GARDEN At this time a great change took place in Tomas's external life.

Chapter 12 of The Heritage of the Kurts, Volume 1 (of 2) by Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson holds 272 sentences, grouped into 55 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The Heritage of the Kurts, Volume 1 (of 2) contain?

Chapter 12 holds 272 sentences of The Heritage of the Kurts, Volume 1 (of 2), unabridged, divided into 55 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The Heritage of the Kurts, Volume 1 (of 2) by Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 272 sentences, grouped into 55 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The Heritage of the Kurts, Volume 1 (of 2)?

Work through the 55 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 55 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading The Heritage of the Kurts, Volume 1 (of 2) by Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 2638 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37801 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #37801, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 219 minutes of reading across 528 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Heritage of the Kurts, Volume 1 (of 2) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Heritage of the Kurts, Volume 1 (of 2)

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Heritage of the Kurts, Volume 1 (of 2), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Diphthong
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Heritage of the Kurts, Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represented
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Heritage of the Kurts, Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Synnoeve
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Heritage of the Kurts, Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Solbakken
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Heritage of the Kurts, Volume 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.