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The Hills and the Vale
The Hills and the Vale

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Hills and the Vale is here in full — 437 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Hills and the Vale
Context Illustration Reading 1/87 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.
There was one at the top of the garden the other day almost as large as his parent.
Nesting is in the fullest progress.
I chanced on a hedge-sparrow's lately, the whole groundwork of which was composed of the dry vines of the wild white convolvulus.
All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Hills and the Vale

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Hills and the Vale is here in full — 437 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.
Line 2
There was one at the top of the garden the other day almost as large as his parent.
/ðer wɑːz wʌn æt ðə tɑːp ʌv ðə ˈɡɑːrdən ðə ˈʌðər deɪ ˈɔːlmoʊst æz lɑːrdʒ æz hɪz ˈperənt/
Line 3
Nesting is in the fullest progress.
/ˈnestɪŋ ɪz ɪn ðə ˈfʊləst ˈprɑːɡres/
Line 4
I chanced on a hedge-sparrow's lately, the whole groundwork of which was composed of the dry vines of the wild white convolvulus.
Line 5
All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chat verb US /tʃæt/

talk socially without exchanging too much information

From this reading “All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.”

fullest adjective US /ˈfʊləst/

superlative of “full” — containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading “Nesting is in the fullest progress.”

groundwork noun US /ˈɡraʊndwɜːrk/

the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained

From this reading “I chanced on a hedge-sparrow's lately, the whole groundwork of which was composed of the dry vines of the wild white convolvulus.”

Nesting verb US /ˈnestɪŋ/

-ing form of “nest” — inhabit a nest, usually after building

From this reading “Nesting is in the fullest progress.”

parent noun US /ˈperənt/

a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading “There was one at the top of the garden the other day almost as large as his parent.”

swifts noun US /swɪfts/

plural of “swift” — United States meat-packer who began the use of refrigerated railroad cars (1839-1903)

From this reading “The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.”

thrushes noun US /ˈθrʌʃəz/

plural of “thrush” — candidiasis of the oral cavity; seen mostly in infants or debilitated adults

From this reading “The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.”

vines noun US /vaɪnz/

plural of “vine” — a plant with a weak stem that derives support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface

From this reading “I chanced on a hedge-sparrow's lately, the whole groundwork of which was composed of the dry vines of the wild white convolvulus.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

at the top preposition + article + noun counted as “at … top”

In this reading “There was one at the top of the garden the other day almost as large as his parent.”

in the neighbourhood preposition + article + noun counted as “in … neighbourhood”

In this reading “All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.”

other day adjective + noun

In this reading “There was one at the top of the garden the other day almost as large as his parent.”

last two adjective + noun

In this reading “All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I chanced on a hedge-sparrow's lately, the whole groundwork of which was composed of the dry vines of the wild white convolvulus.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading There was one at the top of the garden the other day almost as large as his parent.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading There was one at the top of the garden the other day almost as large as his parent.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading There was one at the top of the garden the other day almost as large as his parent.

birdsnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.

chancedverbUS /tʃænst/

past form of “chance” — be the case by chance

From this reading I chanced on a hedge-sparrow's lately, the whole groundwork of which was composed of the dry vines of the wild white convolvulus.

chatverbUS /tʃæt/

talk socially without exchanging too much information

From this reading All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.

composedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpoʊzd/

serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress

From this reading I chanced on a hedge-sparrow's lately, the whole groundwork of which was composed of the dry vines of the wild white convolvulus.

convolvulusnoun

any of numerous plants of the genus Convolvulus

From this reading I chanced on a hedge-sparrow's lately, the whole groundwork of which was composed of the dry vines of the wild white convolvulus.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading There was one at the top of the garden the other day almost as large as his parent.

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading I chanced on a hedge-sparrow's lately, the whole groundwork of which was composed of the dry vines of the wild white convolvulus.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.

flyverbUS /flaɪ/

travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.

fullestadjectiveUS /ˈfʊləst/

superlative of “full” — containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Nesting is in the fullest progress.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading There was one at the top of the garden the other day almost as large as his parent.

groundworknounUS /ˈɡraʊndwɜːrk/

the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained

From this reading I chanced on a hedge-sparrow's lately, the whole groundwork of which was composed of the dry vines of the wild white convolvulus.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.

hedge-sparrow's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I chanced on a hedge-sparrow's lately, the whole groundwork of which was composed of the dry vines of the wild white convolvulus.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading There was one at the top of the garden the other day almost as large as his parent.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I chanced on a hedge-sparrow's lately, the whole groundwork of which was composed of the dry vines of the wild white convolvulus.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Nesting is in the fullest progress.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Nesting is in the fullest progress.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading There was one at the top of the garden the other day almost as large as his parent.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.

latelyadverbUS /ˈleɪtli/

in the recent past

From this reading I chanced on a hedge-sparrow's lately, the whole groundwork of which was composed of the dry vines of the wild white convolvulus.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.

neighbourhoodnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.

NestingverbUS /ˈnestɪŋ/

-ing form of “nest” — inhabit a nest, usually after building

From this reading Nesting is in the fullest progress.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There was one at the top of the garden the other day almost as large as his parent.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading I chanced on a hedge-sparrow's lately, the whole groundwork of which was composed of the dry vines of the wild white convolvulus.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading There was one at the top of the garden the other day almost as large as his parent.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading There was one at the top of the garden the other day almost as large as his parent.

parentnounUS /ˈperənt/

a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading There was one at the top of the garden the other day almost as large as his parent.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading Nesting is in the fullest progress.

redstartnoun

flycatching warbler of eastern North America the male having bright orange on sides and wings and tail

From this reading All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.

swiftadjectiveUS /swɪft/

moving very fast

From this reading All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.

swiftsnounUS /swɪfts/

plural of “swift” — United States meat-packer who began the use of refrigerated railroad cars (1839-1903)

From this reading The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.

thrushesnounUS /ˈθrʌʃəz/

plural of “thrush” — candidiasis of the oral cavity; seen mostly in infants or debilitated adults

From this reading The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading There was one at the top of the garden the other day almost as large as his parent.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading All the birds are come, I think, except the swift, the chat, and the redstart: very likely the last two are in the neighbourhood, though I have not seen them.

vinesnounUS /vaɪnz/

plural of “vine” — a plant with a weak stem that derives support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface

From this reading I chanced on a hedge-sparrow's lately, the whole groundwork of which was composed of the dry vines of the wild white convolvulus.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was one at the top of the garden the other day almost as large as his parent.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I chanced on a hedge-sparrow's lately, the whole groundwork of which was composed of the dry vines of the wild white convolvulus.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading I chanced on a hedge-sparrow's lately, the whole groundwork of which was composed of the dry vines of the wild white convolvulus.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading I chanced on a hedge-sparrow's lately, the whole groundwork of which was composed of the dry vines of the wild white convolvulus.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading I chanced on a hedge-sparrow's lately, the whole groundwork of which was composed of the dry vines of the wild white convolvulus.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The swifts have not come, up to the 10th, but there are young thrushes about able to fly.

Chapter 3 of The Hills and the Vale by Richard Jefferies holds 437 sentences, grouped into 88 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Hills and the Vale contain?

Chapter 3 holds 437 sentences of The Hills and the Vale, unabridged, divided into 88 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Hills and the Vale by Richard Jefferies exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 437 sentences, grouped into 88 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Hills and the Vale?

Work through the 88 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 88 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Hills and the Vale

Common questions about reading The Hills and the Vale by Richard Jefferies on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Hills and the Vale?

Yes. All 3540 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31710 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Hills and the Vale is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31710, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Hills and the Vale take to read?

About 295 minutes of reading across 708 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Hills and the Vale section by section

How to work through The Hills and the Vale section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of The Hills and the Vale to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Hills and the Vale

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Hills and the Vale, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Consists
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hills and the Vale; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Three
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hills and the Vale; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unpublished
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hills and the Vale; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Essays
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Hills and the Vale; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.