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The history of a mouthful of bread
The history of a mouthful of bread

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of The history of a mouthful of bread is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
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THE ARTERIES.
If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.
It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.
Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.
The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The history of a mouthful of bread

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of The history of a mouthful of bread is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ARTERIES.
/ðə ˈɑːrtəriz/
Line 2
If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.
/ɪf juː hæv ˈθɜːroʊli ˌʌndərˈstʊd ðə ˈstɔːri aɪ læst toʊld juː maɪ tʃaɪld ɪt wɪl hæv rɪˈviːld tuː juː ðə hoʊl ˈmɪstəri ʌv ðə ˈsɜːrkjəleɪʃən ʌv ðə blʌd ənd juː ɑːr æt ðə ˈprezənt ˈmoʊmənt ˈwaɪzər ðæn ɔːl ðə lɜːrnd men ʌv ænˈtɪkwəti ənd ðə ˈmɪdəl ˈeɪdʒəz fɔːr ðeɪ hæd nʌn ʌv ðem ðə ˈfeɪntəst sərˈmaɪz ʌv ðə truːθ/
Line 3
It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.
/ɪt meɪ pərˈhæps siːm ɑːd tuː juː ðæt men ʃʊd hæv ɪɡˈzɪstəd fɔːr ˈʌpwərdz ʌv faɪv ˈθaʊzənd jɪrz wɪˈθaʊt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˌɪnˈkwaɪriː ˈɪntuː ə ˈmætər wɪtʃ soʊ ˈkloʊsli kənˈsɜːrnd ðem ənd wɪtʃ wɑːz soʊ ˈiːzi tuː faɪnd aʊt/
Line 4
Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.
/ɪz ɪt nɑːt ˈɔːlmoʊst ˌɪnˈkredəbəl ðæt soʊ ˈmeni hɑːrts ʃʊd hæv ˈbiːtən fɔːr soʊ lɔːŋ ə ˈpɪriəd wɪˈθaʊt ˈeni ʌv ðer ˈoʊnərz ˈhævɪŋ felt ə wɪʃ tuː noʊ ɪɡˈzæktli waɪ jet soʊ ɪt ɪz/
Line 5
The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.
/ðə ˈækʃən ʌv ðə hɑːrt ənd ðə floʊ ʌv ðə blʌd hæv nɑːt bɪn ˌʌndərˈstʊd fɔːr mʌtʃ mɔːr ðæn tuː ˈhʌndrəd jɪrz ənd ðə mæn huːz neɪm ɪz əˈtætʃt tuː ðɪs ɡreɪt dɪˈskʌvəri ˈrɪtʃli dɪˈzɜːrvz ðæt wiː ʃʊd seɪ ə fjuː wɜːrdz əˈbaʊt hɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

antiquity noun US /ænˈtɪkwəti/

the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe

From this reading “If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.”

arteries noun US /ˈɑːrtəriz/

plural of “artery” — a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body

From this reading “THE ARTERIES.”

circulation noun US /ˈsɜːrkjəleɪʃən/

the dissemination of copies of periodicals (as newspapers or magazines)

deserves verb US /dɪˈzɜːrvz/

third-person singular of “deserve” — be worthy or deserving

From this reading “The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.”

faintest adjective US /ˈfeɪntəst/

superlative of “faint” — deficient in magnitude; barely perceptible; lacking clarity or brightness or loudness etc

From this reading “If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.”

owners noun US /ˈoʊnərz/

plural of “owner” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading “Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.”

richly adverb US /ˈrɪtʃli/

to an ample degree or in an ample manner

From this reading “The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.”

surmise verb US /sərˈmaɪz/

infer from incomplete evidence

From this reading “If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

agesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

antiquitynounUS /ænˈtɪkwəti/

the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

ARTERIESnounUS /ˈɑːrtəriz/

plural of “artery” — a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body

From this reading THE ARTERIES.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

attachedadjectiveUS /əˈtætʃt/

being joined in close association

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

beatenadjectiveUS /ˈbiːtən/

formed or made thin by hammering

From this reading Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

bloodnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

circulationnounUS /ˈsɜːrkjəleɪʃən/

the dissemination of copies of periodicals (as newspapers or magazines)

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

concernedadjectiveUS /kənˈsɜːrnd/

feeling or showing worry or solicitude

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

deservesverbUS /dɪˈzɜːrvz/

third-person singular of “deserve” — be worthy or deserving

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

discoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

exactlyadverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.

existedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪstəd/

past form of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

faintestadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪntəst/

superlative of “faint” — deficient in magnitude; barely perceptible; lacking clarity or brightness or loudness etc

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

flownounUS /floʊ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

heartsnounUS /hɑːrts/

a form of whist in which players avoid winning tricks containing hearts or the queen of spades

From this reading Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

incredibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkredəbəl/

beyond belief or understanding

From this reading Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.

inquirynounUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪriː/

a search for knowledge

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

Isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

mysterynounUS /ˈmɪstəri/

something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.

oddadjectiveUS /ɑːd/

not divisible by two

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

ownersnounUS /ˈoʊnərz/

plural of “owner” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

revealedverbUS /rɪˈviːld/

past form of “reveal” — make visible

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

richlyadverbUS /ˈrɪtʃli/

to an ample degree or in an ample manner

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

surmiseverbUS /sərˈmaɪz/

infer from incomplete evidence

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ARTERIES.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

thoroughlyadverbUS /ˈθɜːroʊli/

in an exhaustive manner

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

understoodadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/

fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

upwardsadverbUS /ˈʌpwərdz/

spatially or metaphorically from a lower to a higher position

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

wiseradjectiveUS /ˈwaɪzər/

comparative of “wise” — having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

wishverbUS /wɪʃ/

hope for; have a wish

From this reading Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading The action of the heart and the flow of the blood have not been understood for much more than two hundred years, and the man whose name is attached to this great discovery richly deserves that we should say a few words about him.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading It may, perhaps, seem odd to you that men should have existed for upwards of five thousand years without making inquiry into a matter which so closely concerned them, and which was so easy to find out.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Is it not almost incredible that so many hearts should have beaten for so long a period without any of their owners having felt a wish to know exactly _why?_ Yet so it is.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If you have thoroughly understood the story I last told you, my child, it will have revealed to you the whole mystery of the _circulation of the blood,_ and you are at the present moment wiser than all the learned men of antiquity and the middle ages, for they had none of them the faintest surmise of the truth.

Chapter 13 of The history of a mouthful of bread by Jean Macé holds 110 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of The history of a mouthful of bread contain?

Chapter 13 holds 110 sentences of The history of a mouthful of bread, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of The history of a mouthful of bread by Jean Macé exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 110 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of The history of a mouthful of bread?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The history of a mouthful of bread

Common questions about reading The history of a mouthful of bread by Jean Macé on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The history of a mouthful of bread?

Yes. All 3984 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6970 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The history of a mouthful of bread is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6970, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The history of a mouthful of bread take to read?

About 332 minutes of reading across 797 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The history of a mouthful of bread section by section

How to work through The history of a mouthful of bread section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of The history of a mouthful of bread to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The history of a mouthful of bread

Words and structures a reader meets early in The history of a mouthful of bread, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mountains
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The history of a mouthful of bread; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The history of a mouthful of bread; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Write
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The history of a mouthful of bread; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Child
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The history of a mouthful of bread; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.