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The history of a mouthful of bread
The history of a mouthful of bread

Chapter XXVII · Chapter 27

Chapter 27 of The history of a mouthful of bread is here in full — 138 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
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COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD.
One word more before we finish.
We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.
We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.
And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The history of a mouthful of bread

Chapter XXVII · Chapter 27

Chapter 27 of The history of a mouthful of bread is here in full — 138 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD.
/ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃən ʌv ðə blʌd/
Line 2
One word more before we finish.
/wʌn wɜːrd mɔːr bɪˈfɔːr wiː ˈfɪnɪʃ/
Line 3
We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.
Line 4
We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.
/wiː hæv wɑːtʃt hɪm æt wɜːrk lɔːŋ ɪˈnʌf bʌt aɪ hæv nɑːt jet dɪˈskraɪbd hɪm ˈpɜːrsənəli tuː juː nɔːr toʊld juː ɪɡˈzæktli wʌt hiː ɪz kəmˈpoʊzd ʌv/
Line 5
And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.
/ənd hiːr aɪ ʃæl biː əˈblaɪdʒd tuː bɪˈɡɪn əˈɡen wɪð ˈfɪɡjərz ənd ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz ˌɔːlˈðoʊ aɪ æm toʊld jʌŋ ˈpiːpəl ɑːr nɑːt ˈveri fɑːnd ʌv ðem/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bidding noun US /ˈbɪdɪŋ/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading “We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.”

calculations noun US /ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “calculation” — the procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods

From this reading “And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.”

composition noun US /ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃən/

the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading “COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD.”

exact adjective US /ɪɡˈzækt/

Strictly particular and correct.

From this reading “We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.”

model noun US /ˈmɑːdəl/

a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading “We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.”

personally adverb US /ˈpɜːrsənəli/

as yourself

From this reading “We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.”

receives verb US /rəˈsiːvz/

third-person singular of “receive” — get something; come into possession of

From this reading “We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.”

steward noun US /ˈstuːərd/

someone who manages property or other affairs for someone else

From this reading “We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading One word more before we finish.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.

biddingnounUS /ˈbɪdɪŋ/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

BLOODnounUS /blʌd/

The red fluid that circulates in the heart and blood vessels.

From this reading COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.

calculationsnounUS /ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “calculation” — the procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods

From this reading And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.

composedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpoʊzd/

serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress

From this reading We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.

COMPOSITIONnounUS /ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃən/

the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

exactadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzækt/

Strictly particular and correct.

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

exactlyadverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.

factotumnoun

a servant employed to do a variety of jobs

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

farewellnounUS /ˌferˈwel/

an acknowledgment or expression of goodwill at parting

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

figuresnounUS /ˈfɪɡjərz/

plural of “figure” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.

finishverbUS /ˈfɪnɪʃ/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading One word more before we finish.

fondadjectiveUS /fɑːnd/

having or displaying warmth or affection

From this reading And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.

modelnounUS /ˈmɑːdəl/

a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading One word more before we finish.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

obligedadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒd/

under a moral obligation to do something

From this reading And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One word more before we finish.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.

personallyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrsənəli/

as yourself

From this reading We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.

receivesverbUS /rəˈsiːvz/

third-person singular of “receive” — get something; come into possession of

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

servantnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənt/

a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

spokenadjectiveUS /ˈspoʊkən/

uttered through the medium of speech or characterized by speech; sometimes used in combination

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

stewardnounUS /ˈstuːərd/

someone who manages property or other affairs for someone else

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.

watchedverbUS /wɑːtʃt/

past form of “watch” — look attentively

From this reading We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading One word more before we finish.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading We must not leave off without bidding a last farewell to the good servant of whom we have spoken so much; the model steward so exact in giving back everything he receives--the factotum of the house in short.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading One word more before we finish.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading We have watched him at work long enough, but I have not yet described him personally to you, nor told you exactly what he is composed of.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading And here I shall be obliged to begin again with figures and calculations, although I am told young people are not very fond of them.

Chapter 27 of The history of a mouthful of bread by Jean Macé holds 138 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 27 of The history of a mouthful of bread contain?

Chapter 27 holds 138 sentences of The history of a mouthful of bread, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 27 of The history of a mouthful of bread by Jean Macé exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 138 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 27 of The history of a mouthful of bread?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 27 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 27 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The history of a mouthful of bread

Common questions about reading The history of a mouthful of bread by Jean Macé on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 3984 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6970 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #6970, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 332 minutes of reading across 797 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The history of a mouthful of bread

Words and structures a reader meets early in The history of a mouthful of bread, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mountains
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The history of a mouthful of bread; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The history of a mouthful of bread; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Write
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The history of a mouthful of bread; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Child
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The history of a mouthful of bread; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.