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The history of a mouthful of bread
The history of a mouthful of bread

Chapter XXIX · Chapter 29

Chapter 29 of The history of a mouthful of bread is here in full — 109 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MAMMALIA.
(_Mammals_.)
Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?
I should not have named it without explanation, but that you had only to pass your hand down your back to find out what it was.
Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The history of a mouthful of bread

Chapter XXIX · Chapter 29

Chapter 29 of The history of a mouthful of bread is here in full — 109 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MAMMALIA.
Line 2
(_Mammals_.)
/ˈmæməlz/
Line 3
Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?
/duː juː rɪˈmɛm.bər ʌv maɪ ˈtɔːkɪŋ ʌv ðə ˈvɜːrtəbrəl ˈkɑːləm wen aɪ wɑːz dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ðæt ɡreɪt ˈɑːrtəri ðə eɪˈɔːrtə tuː wɪtʃ ɪt fɔːrmz ə ˈræmpɑːrt ʌv dɪˈfens/
Line 4
I should not have named it without explanation, but that you had only to pass your hand down your back to find out what it was.
/aɪ ʃʊd nɑːt hæv neɪmd ɪt wɪˈθaʊt ˌekspləˈneɪʃən bʌt ðæt juː hæd ˈoʊnli tuː pæs jɔːr hænd daʊn jɔːr bæk tuː faɪnd aʊt wʌt ɪt wɑːz/
Line 5
Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.
/naʊ ðə ˈvɜːrtəbrəl ˈkɑːləm ɔːr ˈbækboʊn ɪz wʌn ʌv ðoʊz ˈdɑːmənənt ˈkærəktərz wɪtʃ ˈɔːlweɪz ˈkæriz əˈlɔːŋ wɪð ɪt ə treɪn ʌv ˈʌðər pɔɪnts ʌv rɪˈzembləns ɪn ðə ˈænəməlz wer ɪt ɪz faʊnd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aorta noun US /eɪˈɔːrtə/

the large trunk artery that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries

artery noun US /ˈɑːrtəri/

a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body

From this reading “Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?”

backbone noun US /ˈbækboʊn/

a central cohesive source of support and stability

From this reading “Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.”

describing verb US /dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ/

-ing form of “describe” — give a description of

From this reading “Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?”

dominant adjective US /ˈdɑːmənənt/

exercising influence or control

Mammals noun US /ˈmæməlz/

plural of “mammal” — any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair; young are born alive except for the small subclass of monotremes and nourished with milk

rampart noun US /ˈræmpɑːrt/

an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

From this reading “Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?”

vertebral adjective US /ˈvɜːrtəbrəl/

of or relating to or constituting vertebrae

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

animalsnounUS /ˈænəməlz/

plural of “animal” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

aortanounUS /eɪˈɔːrtə/

the large trunk artery that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

arterynounUS /ˈɑːrtəri/

a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading I should not have named it without explanation, but that you had only to pass your hand down your back to find out what it was.

backbonenounUS /ˈbækboʊn/

a central cohesive source of support and stability

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I should not have named it without explanation, but that you had only to pass your hand down your back to find out what it was.

carriesnounUS /ˈkæriz/

plural of “carry” — the act of carrying something

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

columnnounUS /ˈkɑːləm/

a line of units following one after another

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

defencenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

describingverbUS /dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ/

-ing form of “describe” — give a description of

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

Doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

dominantadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːmənənt/

exercising influence or control

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading I should not have named it without explanation, but that you had only to pass your hand down your back to find out what it was.

explanationnounUS /ˌekspləˈneɪʃən/

a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.

From this reading I should not have named it without explanation, but that you had only to pass your hand down your back to find out what it was.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading I should not have named it without explanation, but that you had only to pass your hand down your back to find out what it was.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I should not have named it without explanation, but that you had only to pass your hand down your back to find out what it was.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading I should not have named it without explanation, but that you had only to pass your hand down your back to find out what it was.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I should not have named it without explanation, but that you had only to pass your hand down your back to find out what it was.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

MAMMALIAnoun

warm-blooded vertebrates characterized by mammary glands in the female

From this reading MAMMALIA.

MammalsnounUS /ˈmæməlz/

plural of “mammal” — any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair; young are born alive except for the small subclass of monotremes and nourished with milk

From this reading (_Mammals_.)

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading I should not have named it without explanation, but that you had only to pass your hand down your back to find out what it was.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I should not have named it without explanation, but that you had only to pass your hand down your back to find out what it was.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading I should not have named it without explanation, but that you had only to pass your hand down your back to find out what it was.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading I should not have named it without explanation, but that you had only to pass your hand down your back to find out what it was.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading I should not have named it without explanation, but that you had only to pass your hand down your back to find out what it was.

pointsnounUS /pɔɪnts/

plural of “point” — a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

rampartnounUS /ˈræmpɑːrt/

an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

resemblancenounUS /rɪˈzembləns/

similarity in appearance or external or superficial details

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading I should not have named it without explanation, but that you had only to pass your hand down your back to find out what it was.

talkingnounUS /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/

an exchange of ideas via conversation

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

trainverbUS /treɪn/

create by training and teaching

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

vertebraladjectiveUS /ˈvɜːrtəbrəl/

of or relating to or constituting vertebrae

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading I should not have named it without explanation, but that you had only to pass your hand down your back to find out what it was.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Now the _vertebral column_, or backbone, is one of those _dominant characters_ which always carries along with it a train of other points of resemblance in the animals where it is found.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading I should not have named it without explanation, but that you had only to pass your hand down your back to find out what it was.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Do you remember of my talking of the _vertebral column_ when I was describing that great artery, the _aorta_, to which it forms a rampart of defence?

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I should not have named it without explanation, but that you had only to pass your hand down your back to find out what it was.

Chapter 29 of The history of a mouthful of bread by Jean Macé holds 109 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 29 of The history of a mouthful of bread contain?

Chapter 29 holds 109 sentences of The history of a mouthful of bread, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 29 of The history of a mouthful of bread by Jean Macé exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 109 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 29 of The history of a mouthful of bread?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 29 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 29 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The history of a mouthful of bread

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Project Gutenberg eBook #6970, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 332 minutes of reading across 797 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The history of a mouthful of bread

Words and structures a reader meets early in The history of a mouthful of bread, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mountains
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The history of a mouthful of bread; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whence
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Write
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Child
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