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The history of a mouthful of bread
The history of a mouthful of bread

Chapter XXXIV · Chapter 34

Chapter 34 of The history of a mouthful of bread is here in full — 180 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The history of a mouthful of bread
Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
REPTILIA.
(_Reptiles_.)
Passing from birds to reptiles is like falling from a torrent into still water.
Life drags on as sluggishly with the second as it dashes furiously forward with the first.
I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The history of a mouthful of bread

Chapter XXXIV · Chapter 34

Chapter 34 of The history of a mouthful of bread is here in full — 180 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
REPTILIA.
Line 2
(_Reptiles_.)
/ˈreptaɪlz/
Line 3
Passing from birds to reptiles is like falling from a torrent into still water.
/ˈpæsɪŋ frʌm bɜːrdz tuː ˈreptaɪlz ɪz laɪk ˈfɑːlɪŋ frʌm ə ˈtɔːrənt ˈɪntuː stɪl ˈwɔːtər/
Line 4
Life drags on as sluggishly with the second as it dashes furiously forward with the first.
/laɪf dræɡz ɑːn æz ˈslʌɡɪʃli wɪð ðə ˈsekənd æz ɪt ˈdæʃɪz ˈfjʊriəsli ˈfɔːrwərd wɪð ðə fɜːrst/
Line 5
I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dashes noun US /ˈdæʃɪz/

plural of “dash” — distinctive and stylish elegance

From this reading “Life drags on as sluggishly with the second as it dashes furiously forward with the first.”

drags noun US /dræɡz/

plural of “drag” — the phenomenon of resistance to motion through a fluid

From this reading “Life drags on as sluggishly with the second as it dashes furiously forward with the first.”

falling adjective US /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading “Passing from birds to reptiles is like falling from a torrent into still water.”

furiously adverb US /ˈfjʊriəsli/

(of the elements) in a wild and stormy manner

From this reading “Life drags on as sluggishly with the second as it dashes furiously forward with the first.”

reptiles noun US /ˈreptaɪlz/

plural of “reptile” — any cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia including tortoises, turtles, snakes, lizards, alligators, crocodiles, and extinct forms

From this reading “Passing from birds to reptiles is like falling from a torrent into still water.”

sluggishly adverb US /ˈslʌɡɪʃli/

in a sluggish manner

From this reading “Life drags on as sluggishly with the second as it dashes furiously forward with the first.”

straw noun US /strɔː/

plant fiber used e.g. for making baskets and hats or as fodder

From this reading “I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.”

torrent noun US /ˈtɔːrənt/

a heavy rain

From this reading “Passing from birds to reptiles is like falling from a torrent into still water.”

All words in this reading · 46

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Passing from birds to reptiles is like falling from a torrent into still water.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Life drags on as sluggishly with the second as it dashes furiously forward with the first.

birdsnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading Passing from birds to reptiles is like falling from a torrent into still water.

chaufferettes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

dashesnounUS /ˈdæʃɪz/

plural of “dash” — distinctive and stylish elegance

From this reading Life drags on as sluggishly with the second as it dashes furiously forward with the first.

dragsnounUS /dræɡz/

plural of “drag” — the phenomenon of resistance to motion through a fluid

From this reading Life drags on as sluggishly with the second as it dashes furiously forward with the first.

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading Passing from birds to reptiles is like falling from a torrent into still water.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Life drags on as sluggishly with the second as it dashes furiously forward with the first.

foot-stoves

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading Life drags on as sluggishly with the second as it dashes furiously forward with the first.

Frenchwomen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Passing from birds to reptiles is like falling from a torrent into still water.

furiouslyadverbUS /ˈfjʊriəsli/

(of the elements) in a wild and stormy manner

From this reading Life drags on as sluggishly with the second as it dashes furiously forward with the first.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Passing from birds to reptiles is like falling from a torrent into still water.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Passing from birds to reptiles is like falling from a torrent into still water.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Life drags on as sluggishly with the second as it dashes furiously forward with the first.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

LifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Life drags on as sluggishly with the second as it dashes furiously forward with the first.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Passing from birds to reptiles is like falling from a torrent into still water.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Life drags on as sluggishly with the second as it dashes furiously forward with the first.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

PassingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading Passing from birds to reptiles is like falling from a torrent into still water.

ReptilesnounUS /ˈreptaɪlz/

plural of “reptile” — any cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia including tortoises, turtles, snakes, lizards, alligators, crocodiles, and extinct forms

From this reading (_Reptiles_.)

REPTILIAnoun

class of cold-blooded air-breathing vertebrates with completely ossified skeleton and a body usually covered with scales or horny plates; once the dominant land animals

From this reading REPTILIA.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Life drags on as sluggishly with the second as it dashes furiously forward with the first.

sluggishlyadverbUS /ˈslʌɡɪʃli/

in a sluggish manner

From this reading Life drags on as sluggishly with the second as it dashes furiously forward with the first.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Passing from birds to reptiles is like falling from a torrent into still water.

strawnounUS /strɔː/

plant fiber used e.g. for making baskets and hats or as fodder

From this reading I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Life drags on as sluggishly with the second as it dashes furiously forward with the first.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Passing from birds to reptiles is like falling from a torrent into still water.

torrentnounUS /ˈtɔːrənt/

a heavy rain

From this reading Passing from birds to reptiles is like falling from a torrent into still water.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Passing from birds to reptiles is like falling from a torrent into still water.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Life drags on as sluggishly with the second as it dashes furiously forward with the first.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I spoke to you just now about a fire of straw: now we have a fire such as Frenchwomen make in their _chaufferettes_, or foot-stoves.

Chapter 34 of The history of a mouthful of bread by Jean Macé holds 180 sentences, grouped into 36 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 34 of The history of a mouthful of bread contain?

Chapter 34 holds 180 sentences of The history of a mouthful of bread, unabridged, divided into 36 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 34 of The history of a mouthful of bread by Jean Macé exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 180 sentences, grouped into 36 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 34 of The history of a mouthful of bread?

Work through the 36 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 36 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 34 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 34 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The history of a mouthful of bread

Common questions about reading The history of a mouthful of bread by Jean Macé on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The history of a mouthful of bread?

Yes. All 3984 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6970 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The history of a mouthful of bread is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6970, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The history of a mouthful of bread take to read?

About 332 minutes of reading across 797 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The history of a mouthful of bread section by section

How to work through The history of a mouthful of bread section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The history of a mouthful of bread

Words and structures a reader meets early in The history of a mouthful of bread, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mountains
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The history of a mouthful of bread; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The history of a mouthful of bread; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Write
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The history of a mouthful of bread; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Child
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The history of a mouthful of bread; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.