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The History of John Bull
The History of John Bull

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of The History of John Bull is here in full — 15 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/3 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
* Characters of the English and Dutch, and the General Duke of Marlborough.
For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.
If you flattered him you might lead him like a child.
John's temper depended very much upon the air; his spirits rose and fell with the weather-glass.
John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The History of John Bull

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of The History of John Bull is here in full — 15 sentences across 3 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/3 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
* Characters of the English and Dutch, and the General Duke of Marlborough.
Line 2
For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.
Line 3
If you flattered him you might lead him like a child.
/ɪf juː ˈflætərd hɪm juː maɪt led hɪm laɪk ə tʃaɪld/
Line 4
John's temper depended very much upon the air; his spirits rose and fell with the weather-glass.
Line 5
John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.
/dʒɑːn wɑːz kwɪk ənd ˌʌndərˈstʊd hɪz ˈbɪznəs ˈveri wel bʌt noʊ mæn əˈlaɪv wɑːz mɔːr ˈkerləs ɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈɪntuː hɪz əˈkaʊnts ɔːr mɔːr ˈtʃiːtəd baɪ ˈpɑːrtnərz əˈprentəsɪz ənd ˈsɜːrvənts/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

apprentices noun US /əˈprentəsɪz/

plural of “apprentice” — works for an expert to learn a trade

From this reading “John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.”

cheated verb US /ˈtʃiːtəd/

past form of “cheat” — deprive somebody of something by deceit

From this reading “John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.”

choleric adjective US /ˈkɑːlərɪk/

easily moved to anger

From this reading “For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.”

flattered verb US /ˈflætərd/

past form of “flatter” — praise somewhat dishonestly

From this reading “If you flattered him you might lead him like a child.”

govern verb US /ˈɡʌvərn/

bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations

From this reading “For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.”

John's noun US /dʒɑːnz/

possessive form of “john” — a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading “John's temper depended very much upon the air; his spirits rose and fell with the weather-glass.”

Lewis noun US /ˈluːɪs/

United States rock star singer and pianist (born in 1935)

From this reading “For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.”

partners noun US /ˈpɑːrtnərz/

plural of “partner” — a person's partner in marriage

From this reading “John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

accountsnounUS /əˈkaʊnts/

plural of “account” — a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading John's temper depended very much upon the air; his spirits rose and fell with the weather-glass.

aliveadjectiveUS /əˈlaɪv/

possessing life

From this reading John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading * Characters of the English and Dutch, and the General Duke of Marlborough.

apprenticesnounUS /əˈprentəsɪz/

plural of “apprentice” — works for an expert to learn a trade

From this reading John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.

aptadjectiveUS /æpt/

(usually followed by “to”) naturally disposed toward

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

back-sword

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

BullnounUS /bʊl/

uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.

carelessadjectiveUS /ˈkerləs/

marked by lack of attention or consideration or forethought or thoroughness; not careful

From this reading John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.

CharactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading * Characters of the English and Dutch, and the General Duke of Marlborough.

cheatedverbUS /ˈtʃiːtəd/

past form of “cheat” — deprive somebody of something by deceit

From this reading John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading If you flattered him you might lead him like a child.

cholericadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːlərɪk/

easily moved to anger

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

cudgel-play

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

dependedverbUS /dɪˈpendəd/

past form of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading John's temper depended very much upon the air; his spirits rose and fell with the weather-glass.

dreadedadjectiveUS /ˈdredɪd/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading * Characters of the English and Dutch, and the General Duke of Marlborough.

DutchadjectiveUS /dʌtʃ/

of or relating to the Netherlands or its people or culture

From this reading * Characters of the English and Dutch, and the General Duke of Marlborough.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading * Characters of the English and Dutch, and the General Duke of Marlborough.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

falchionnoun

a short broad slightly convex medieval sword with a sharp point

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading John's temper depended very much upon the air; his spirits rose and fell with the weather-glass.

fellownounUS /ˈfeloʊ/

a boy or man

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

flatteredverbUS /ˈflætərd/

past form of “flatter” — praise somewhat dishonestly

From this reading If you flattered him you might lead him like a child.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading * Characters of the English and Dutch, and the General Duke of Marlborough.

governverbUS /ˈɡʌvərn/

bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

honestadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnəst/

not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.

John'snounUS /dʒɑːnz/

possessive form of “john” — a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading John's temper depended very much upon the air; his spirits rose and fell with the weather-glass.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

leadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading If you flattered him you might lead him like a child.

LewisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States rock star singer and pianist (born in 1935)

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading If you flattered him you might lead him like a child.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.

Marlborough

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * Characters of the English and Dutch, and the General Duke of Marlborough.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading If you flattered him you might lead him like a child.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading John's temper depended very much upon the air; his spirits rose and fell with the weather-glass.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading * Characters of the English and Dutch, and the General Duke of Marlborough.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

partnersnounUS /ˈpɑːrtnərz/

plural of “partner” — a person's partner in marriage

From this reading John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.

plain-dealing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

pretendedadjectiveUS /priˈtendɪd/

adopted in order to deceive

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

quarrelnounUS /ˈkwɔːrəl/

an angry dispute

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

quickadjectiveUS /kwɪk/

accomplished rapidly and without delay

From this reading John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading John's temper depended very much upon the air; his spirits rose and fell with the weather-glass.

servantsnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənts/

plural of “servant” — a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

spiritsnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading John's temper depended very much upon the air; his spirits rose and fell with the weather-glass.

tempernounUS /ˈtempər/

a sudden outburst of anger

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading * Characters of the English and Dutch, and the General Duke of Marlborough.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

unconstant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

understandingnounUS /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/

the cognitive condition of someone who understands

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

understoodadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈstʊd/

fully apprehended as to purport or meaning or explanation

From this reading John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading John's temper depended very much upon the air; his spirits rose and fell with the weather-glass.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

weather-glass

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading John's temper depended very much upon the air; his spirits rose and fell with the weather-glass.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading John was quick and understood his business very well, but no man alive was more careless in looking into his accounts, or more cheated by partners, apprentices, and servants.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading For the better understanding the following history the reader ought to know that Bull, in the main, was an honest, plain-dealing fellow, choleric, bold, and of a very unconstant temper; he dreaded not old Lewis either at back-sword, single falchion, or cudgel-play; but then he was very apt to quarrel with his best friends, especially if they pretended to govern him.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If you flattered him you might lead him like a child.

Chapter 5 of The History of John Bull by John Arbuthnot holds 15 sentences, grouped into 3 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of The History of John Bull contain?

Chapter 5 holds 15 sentences of The History of John Bull, unabridged, divided into 3 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of The History of John Bull by John Arbuthnot exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 15 sentences, grouped into 3 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of The History of John Bull?

Work through the 3 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 3 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The History of John Bull

Common questions about reading The History of John Bull by John Arbuthnot on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The History of John Bull?

Yes. All 1582 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2643 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The History of John Bull is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2643, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The History of John Bull take to read?

About 131 minutes of reading across 317 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The History of John Bull section by section

How to work through The History of John Bull section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The History of John Bull to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The History of John Bull

Words and structures a reader meets early in The History of John Bull, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of John Bull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Quarrels
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of John Bull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Happened
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of John Bull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Neighbourhood
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of John Bull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.