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The History of John Bull
The History of John Bull

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The History of John Bull is here in full — 43 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Heart.
* Character of the Presbyterians.
In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.
Jack bragged of greater abilities than other men.
He was well gifted, as he pretended: I need not tell you what secret influence that has upon the ladies.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The History of John Bull

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of The History of John Bull is here in full — 43 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Heart.
/hɑːrt/
Line 2
* Character of the Presbyterians.
/ˈkerɪktər ʌv ðə ˌpresbɪˈtɪriənz/
Line 3
In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.
Line 4
Jack bragged of greater abilities than other men.
/dʒæk bræɡd ʌv ˈɡreɪtər əˈbɪlətiːz ðæn ˈʌðər men/
Line 5
He was well gifted, as he pretended: I need not tell you what secret influence that has upon the ladies.
/hiː wɑːz wel ˈɡɪftəd æz hiː priˈtendɪd aɪ niːd nɑːt tel juː wʌt ˈsiː.krət ˈɪnfluːəns ðæt hæz əˈpɑːn ðə ˈleɪdiz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abilities noun US /əˈbɪlətiːz/

plural of “ability” — the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment

From this reading “Jack bragged of greater abilities than other men.”

bragged verb US /bræɡd/

inflected form of “brag” — show off

From this reading “Jack bragged of greater abilities than other men.”

gifted adjective US /ˈɡɪftəd/

endowed with talent or talents

From this reading “He was well gifted, as he pretended: I need not tell you what secret influence that has upon the ladies.”

pert adjective US /pɜːrt/

characterized by a lightly pert and exuberant quality

From this reading “In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.”

Presbyterians noun US /ˌpresbɪˈtɪriənz/

plural of “presbyterian” — a follower of Calvinism as taught in the Presbyterian Church

From this reading “* Character of the Presbyterians.”

saucy adjective US /ˈsɔːsi/

characterized by a lightly pert and exuberant quality

From this reading “In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.”

upstart noun US /ˈʌpstɑːrt/

an arrogant or presumptuous person

From this reading “In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.”

youngest adjective US /ˈjʌŋɡəst/

superlative of “young” — (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading “In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

abilitiesnounUS /əˈbɪlətiːz/

plural of “ability” — the quality of being able to perform; a quality that permits or facilitates achievement or accomplishment

From this reading Jack bragged of greater abilities than other men.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He was well gifted, as he pretended: I need not tell you what secret influence that has upon the ladies.

braggedverbUS /bræɡd/

inflected form of “brag” — show off

From this reading Jack bragged of greater abilities than other men.

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

CharacternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading * Character of the Presbyterians.

fellownounUS /ˈfeloʊ/

a boy or man

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

giftedadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪftəd/

endowed with talent or talents

From this reading He was well gifted, as he pretended: I need not tell you what secret influence that has upon the ladies.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading Jack bragged of greater abilities than other men.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was well gifted, as he pretended: I need not tell you what secret influence that has upon the ladies.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was well gifted, as he pretended: I need not tell you what secret influence that has upon the ladies.

HeartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading Heart.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading He was well gifted, as he pretended: I need not tell you what secret influence that has upon the ladies.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading He was well gifted, as he pretended: I need not tell you what secret influence that has upon the ladies.

JacknounUS /dʒæk/

a small worthless amount

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

jackanapesnoun

someone who is unimportant but cheeky and presumptuous

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

ladiesnounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading He was well gifted, as he pretended: I need not tell you what secret influence that has upon the ladies.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Jack bragged of greater abilities than other men.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading He was well gifted, as he pretended: I need not tell you what secret influence that has upon the ladies.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He was well gifted, as he pretended: I need not tell you what secret influence that has upon the ladies.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading * Character of the Presbyterians.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Jack bragged of greater abilities than other men.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

pertadjectiveUS /pɜːrt/

characterized by a lightly pert and exuberant quality

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

PresbyteriansnounUS /ˌpresbɪˈtɪriənz/

plural of “presbyterian” — a follower of Calvinism as taught in the Presbyterian Church

From this reading * Character of the Presbyterians.

pretendedadjectiveUS /priˈtendɪd/

adopted in order to deceive

From this reading He was well gifted, as he pretended: I need not tell you what secret influence that has upon the ladies.

saucyadjectiveUS /ˈsɔːsi/

characterized by a lightly pert and exuberant quality

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading He was well gifted, as he pretended: I need not tell you what secret influence that has upon the ladies.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading He was well gifted, as he pretended: I need not tell you what secret influence that has upon the ladies.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Jack bragged of greater abilities than other men.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He was well gifted, as he pretended: I need not tell you what secret influence that has upon the ladies.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading * Character of the Presbyterians.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

upstartnounUS /ˈʌpstɑːrt/

an arrogant or presumptuous person

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading He was well gifted, as he pretended: I need not tell you what secret influence that has upon the ladies.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading He was well gifted, as he pretended: I need not tell you what secret influence that has upon the ladies.

wonderedverbUS /ˈwʌndərd/

past form of “wonder” — have a wish or desire to know something

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading He was well gifted, as he pretended: I need not tell you what secret influence that has upon the ladies.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

youngestadjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡəst/

superlative of “young” — (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading In the first place, Jack was a very young fellow, by much the youngest of the three brothers, and people, indeed, wondered how such a young upstart jackanapes should grow so pert and saucy, and take so much upon him.

Chapter 21 of The History of John Bull by John Arbuthnot holds 43 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The History of John Bull contain?

Chapter 21 holds 43 sentences of The History of John Bull, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The History of John Bull by John Arbuthnot exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 43 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The History of John Bull?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The History of John Bull

Common questions about reading The History of John Bull by John Arbuthnot on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The History of John Bull?

Yes. All 1582 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2643 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The History of John Bull is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2643, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The History of John Bull take to read?

About 131 minutes of reading across 317 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The History of John Bull section by section

How to work through The History of John Bull section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The History of John Bull

Words and structures a reader meets early in The History of John Bull, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of John Bull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Quarrels
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of John Bull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Happened
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of John Bull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Neighbourhood
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of John Bull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.