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The History of John Bull
The History of John Bull

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of The History of John Bull is here in full — 33 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The History of John Bull
Context Illustration Reading 1/6 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
what return Peg made to John's message.* * The Treaty of Union.
Reason of it: the Succession not being settled in Scotland.
Fears for the Presbyterian Church Government, and of being burdened with the English National Debts.
John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.
While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The History of John Bull

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of The History of John Bull is here in full — 33 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/6 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
what return Peg made to John's message.* * The Treaty of Union.
/wʌt rɪˈtɜːrn peɡ meɪd tuː dʒɑːnz ˈmesədʒ ðə ˈtriːti ʌv ˈjuːnjən/
Line 2
Reason of it: the Succession not being settled in Scotland.
/ˈriːzən ʌv ɪt ðə səkˈseʃən nɑːt ˈbiːɪŋ ˈsetəld ɪn ˈskɑːtlənd/
Line 3
Fears for the Presbyterian Church Government, and of being burdened with the English National Debts.
/fɪrz fɔːr ðə ˌpresbɪˈtɪriən tʃɜːrtʃ ˈɡʌvərmənt ənd ʌv ˈbiːɪŋ ˈbɜːrdənd wɪð ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈnæʃənəl dets/
Line 4
John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.
Line 5
While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

burdened adjective US /ˈbɜːrdənd/

bearing a heavy burden of work or difficulties or responsibilities

From this reading “Fears for the Presbyterian Church Government, and of being burdened with the English National Debts.”

flourished verb US /ˈflɜːrɪʃt/

past form of “flourish” — grow vigorously

From this reading “While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.”

hawking noun US /ˈhɔːkɪŋ/

English theoretical physicist (born in 1942)

From this reading “While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.”

livelihood noun US /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/

the financial means whereby one lives

From this reading “While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.”

peddling noun US /ˈpedəlɪŋ/

the act of selling goods for a living

From this reading “While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.”

Presbyterian noun US /ˌpresbɪˈtɪriən/

a follower of Calvinism as taught in the Presbyterian Church

From this reading “Fears for the Presbyterian Church Government, and of being burdened with the English National Debts.”

scissors noun US /ˈsɪzərz/

an edge tool having two crossed pivoting blades

From this reading “While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.”

sewed adjective US /soʊd/

fastened with stitches

From this reading “While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Fears for the Presbyterian Church Government, and of being burdened with the English National Debts.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

aversionnounUS /əˈvɜːrʒən/

a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.

basketnounUS /ˈbæskət/

a container that is usually woven and has handles

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Reason of it: the Succession not being settled in Scotland.

breadnounUS /bred/

food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

BullnounUS /bʊl/

uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle

From this reading John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.

burdenedadjectiveUS /ˈbɜːrdənd/

bearing a heavy burden of work or difficulties or responsibilities

From this reading Fears for the Presbyterian Church Government, and of being burdened with the English National Debts.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading Fears for the Presbyterian Church Government, and of being burdened with the English National Debts.

conceivedverbUS /kənˈsiːvd/

past form of “conceive” — have the idea for

From this reading John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

DebtsnounUS /dets/

plural of “debt” — the state of owing something (especially money)

From this reading Fears for the Presbyterian Church Government, and of being burdened with the English National Debts.

drovenounUS /droʊv/

a group of animals (a herd or flock) moving together

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

endsnounUS /endz/

plural of “end” — either extremity of something that has length

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Fears for the Presbyterian Church Government, and of being burdened with the English National Debts.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

FearsnounUS /fɪrz/

plural of “fear” — an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)

From this reading Fears for the Presbyterian Church Government, and of being burdened with the English National Debts.

fingersnounUS /ˈfɪŋɡərz/

plural of “finger” — any of the terminal members of the hand (sometimes excepting the thumb)

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

fishnounUS /fɪʃ/

any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

flourishedverbUS /ˈflɜːrɪʃt/

past form of “flourish” — grow vigorously

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Fears for the Presbyterian Church Government, and of being burdened with the English National Debts.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

good-naturedadjective

having an easygoing and cheerful disposition

From this reading John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.

GovernmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Fears for the Presbyterian Church Government, and of being burdened with the English National Debts.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.

hard-hearted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.

hawkingnounUS /ˈhɔːkɪŋ/

English theoretical physicist (born in 1942)

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

hireverbUS /ˈhaɪər/

engage or hire for work

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Reason of it: the Succession not being settled in Scotland.

infancynounUS /ˈɪnfənsi/

the early stage of growth or development

From this reading John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Reason of it: the Succession not being settled in Scotland.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.

John'snounUS /dʒɑːnz/

possessive form of “john” — a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading what return Peg made to John's message.* * The Treaty of Union.

journey-work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

knitverbUS /nɪt/

make (textiles) by knitting

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

knivesnounUS /naɪvz/

plural of “knife” — edge tool used as a cutting instrument; has a pointed blade with a sharp edge and a handle

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

livelihoodnounUS /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/

the financial means whereby one lives

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading what return Peg made to John's message.* * The Treaty of Union.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.

marketnounUS /ˈmɑːrkət/

the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

messagenounUS /ˈmesədʒ/

a communication (usually brief) that is written or spoken or signaled

From this reading what return Peg made to John's message.* * The Treaty of Union.

NationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading Fears for the Presbyterian Church Government, and of being burdened with the English National Debts.

neighboursnounUS /ˈneɪbərz/

plural of “neighbour” — a person who lives (or is located) near another

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Reason of it: the Succession not being settled in Scotland.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading what return Peg made to John's message.* * The Treaty of Union.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

peddlingnounUS /ˈpedəlɪŋ/

the act of selling goods for a living

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

PegnounUS /peɡ/

a wooden pin pushed or driven into a surface

From this reading what return Peg made to John's message.* * The Treaty of Union.

plentifuladjectiveUS /ˈplentəfəl/

existing in great number or quantity

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

PresbyteriannounUS /ˌpresbɪˈtɪriən/

a follower of Calvinism as taught in the Presbyterian Church

From this reading Fears for the Presbyterian Church Government, and of being burdened with the English National Debts.

ReasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading Reason of it: the Succession not being settled in Scotland.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading what return Peg made to John's message.* * The Treaty of Union.

scissorsnounUS /ˈsɪzərz/

an edge tool having two crossed pivoting blades

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

ScotlandnounUS /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading Reason of it: the Succession not being settled in Scotland.

sellingnounUS /ˈselɪŋ/

the exchange of goods for an agreed sum of money

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

settledadjectiveUS /ˈsetəld/

established or decided beyond dispute or doubt

From this reading Reason of it: the Succession not being settled in Scotland.

sewedadjectiveUS /soʊd/

fastened with stitches

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

shoe-buckles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

sisternounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.

soreadjectiveUS /sɔːr/

hurting

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

spunverbUS /spʌn/

inflected form of “spin” — revolve quickly and repeatedly around one's own axis

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

SuccessionnounUS /səkˈseʃən/

a following of one thing after another in time

From this reading Reason of it: the Succession not being settled in Scotland.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading what return Peg made to John's message.* * The Treaty of Union.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading what return Peg made to John's message.* * The Treaty of Union.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

TreatynounUS /ˈtriːti/

a written agreement between two states or sovereigns

From this reading what return Peg made to John's message.* * The Treaty of Union.

UnionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading what return Peg made to John's message.* * The Treaty of Union.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.

warmadjectiveUS /wɔːrm/

having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading John Bull, otherwise a good-natured man, was very hard-hearted to his sister Peg, chiefly from an aversion he had conceived in his infancy.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading what return Peg made to John's message.* * The Treaty of Union.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While he flourished, kept a warm house, and drove a plentiful trade, poor Peg was forced to go hawking and peddling about the streets selling knives, scissors, and shoe-buckles; now and then carried a basket of fish to the market; sewed, spun, and knit for a livelihood, till her fingers' ends were sore; and when she could not get bread for her family, she was forced to hire them out at journey-work to her neighbours.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Fears for the Presbyterian Church Government, and of being burdened with the English National Debts.

Chapter 22 of The History of John Bull by John Arbuthnot holds 33 sentences, grouped into 7 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of The History of John Bull contain?

Chapter 22 holds 33 sentences of The History of John Bull, unabridged, divided into 7 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of The History of John Bull by John Arbuthnot exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 33 sentences, grouped into 7 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of The History of John Bull?

Work through the 7 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 7 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The History of John Bull

Common questions about reading The History of John Bull by John Arbuthnot on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The History of John Bull?

Yes. All 1582 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2643 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The History of John Bull is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2643, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The History of John Bull take to read?

About 131 minutes of reading across 317 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The History of John Bull section by section

How to work through The History of John Bull section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The History of John Bull to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The History of John Bull

Words and structures a reader meets early in The History of John Bull, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of John Bull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Quarrels
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of John Bull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Happened
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of John Bull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Neighbourhood
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of John Bull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.