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The History of John Bull
The History of John Bull

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of The History of John Bull is here in full — 19 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/3 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Family.* *Quarrels about some of the Articles of Union, particularly the peerage.
It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.
This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.
There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.
They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The History of John Bull

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of The History of John Bull is here in full — 19 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/3 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Family.* *Quarrels about some of the Articles of Union, particularly the peerage.
/ˈfæməli ˈkwɔːrəlz əˈbaʊt sʌm ʌv ðə ˈɑːrtəkəlz ʌv ˈjuːnjən ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli ðə ˈpɪrədʒ/
Line 2
It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.
/ɪt ɪz æn oʊld ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən ðæt ðə ˈkwɔːrəlz ʌv riˈleɪʃənz ɑːr ˈhɑːrdər tuː ˈrekənsaɪl ðæn ˈeni ˈʌðər ˈɪndʒəriz frʌm frendz fret ənd ɡɔːl mɔːr ənd ðə ˈmem.ər.i ʌv ðem ɪz nɑːt soʊ ˈiːzəli əˈblɪtəreɪtɪd/
Line 3
This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.
Line 4
There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.
Line 5
They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Aesop noun US /ˈiːsɑːp/

Greek author of fables (circa 620-560 BC)

From this reading “This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.”

gall noun US /ɡɔːl/

an open sore on the back of a horse caused by ill-fitting or badly adjusted saddle

From this reading “It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.”

jealousies noun US /ˈdʒeləsiz/

plural of “jealousy” — a feeling of jealous envy (especially of a rival)

From this reading “There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.”

obliterated adjective US /əˈblɪtəreɪtɪd/

reduced to nothingness

From this reading “It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.”

peerage noun US /ˈpɪrədʒ/

the peers of a kingdom considered as a group

From this reading “Family.* *Quarrels about some of the Articles of Union, particularly the peerage.”

resentments noun US /rɪˈzentmənts/

plural of “resentment” — a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will

From this reading “They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.”

sages noun US /ˈseɪdʒɪz/

plural of “sage” — a mentor in spiritual and philosophical topics who is renowned for profound wisdom

From this reading “This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.”

wedge noun US /wedʒ/

any shape that is triangular in cross section

From this reading “This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.”

All words in this reading · 136

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Family.* *Quarrels about some of the Articles of Union, particularly the peerage.

abusedadjectiveUS /əˈbjuːzd/

used improperly or excessively especially drugs

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

actsnounUS /ækts/

a New Testament book describing the development of the early church from Christ's Ascension to Paul's sojourn at Rome

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

AesopnounUS /ˈiːsɑːp/

Greek author of fables (circa 620-560 BC)

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

aptadjectiveUS /æpt/

(usually followed by “to”) naturally disposed toward

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

arrownounUS /ˈæroʊ/

a mark to indicate a direction or relation

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

ArticlesnounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəlz/

plural of “article” — nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading Family.* *Quarrels about some of the Articles of Union, particularly the peerage.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

birdnounUS /bɜːrd/

warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

BullnounUS /bʊl/

uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

cleftnounUS /kleft/

a split or indentation in something (as the palate or chin)

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

consideringverbUS /kənˈsɪdərɪŋ/

-ing form of “consider” — deem to be

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

cunninglyadverb

in an attractive manner

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

earsnounUS /ɪrz/

plural of “ear” — the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

extremelyadverbUS /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

FamilynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading Family.* *Quarrels about some of the Articles of Union, particularly the peerage.

featheredadjectiveUS /ˈfeðərd/

adorned with feathers or plumes

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

fretverbUS /fret/

worry unnecessarily or excessively

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

gallnounUS /ɡɔːl/

an open sore on the back of a horse caused by ill-fitting or badly adjusted saddle

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

grievedverbUS /ɡriːvd/

past form of “grieve” — feel grief

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

groannounUS /ɡroʊn/

an utterance expressing pain or disapproval

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

harderadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdər/

comparative of “hard” — with effort or force or vigor

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

hardshipsnounUS /ˈhɑːrdʃɪps/

plural of “hardship” — a state of misfortune or affliction

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

hearkenverb

listen; used mostly in the imperative

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

injuriesnounUS /ˈɪndʒəriz/

plural of “injury” — any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

jealousiesnounUS /ˈdʒeləsiz/

plural of “jealousy” — a feeling of jealous envy (especially of a rival)

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

moderateverbUS /ˈmɑːdərət/

preside over

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

oaknounUS /oʊk/

the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

obliteratedadjectiveUS /əˈblɪtəreɪtɪd/

reduced to nothingness

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

observationnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Family.* *Quarrels about some of the Articles of Union, particularly the peerage.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

particularlyadverbUS /ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading Family.* *Quarrels about some of the Articles of Union, particularly the peerage.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

peeragenounUS /ˈpɪrədʒ/

the peers of a kingdom considered as a group

From this reading Family.* *Quarrels about some of the Articles of Union, particularly the peerage.

PegnounUS /peɡ/

a wooden pin pushed or driven into a surface

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

QuarrelsnounUS /ˈkwɔːrəlz/

plural of “quarrel” — an angry dispute

From this reading Family.* *Quarrels about some of the Articles of Union, particularly the peerage.

rancournoun

a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

reconcileverbUS /ˈrekənsaɪl/

make (one thing) compatible with

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

relationsnounUS /riˈleɪʃənz/

mutual dealings or connections or communications among persons or groups

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

representedadjectiveUS /ˌreprɪˈzentɪd/

represented accurately or precisely

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

resentmentsnounUS /rɪˈzentmənts/

plural of “resentment” — a feeling of deep and bitter anger and ill-will

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

restrainverbUS /riˈstreɪn/

to close within bounds, or otherwise limit or deprive of free movement

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

sagesnounUS /ˈseɪdʒɪz/

plural of “sage” — a mentor in spiritual and philosophical topics who is renowned for profound wisdom

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

sisternounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Family.* *Quarrels about some of the Articles of Union, particularly the peerage.

sowverbUS /saʊ/

place (seeds) in or on the ground for future growth

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

talesnounUS /teɪlz/

plural of “tale” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

tattlingadjective

prone to communicate confidential information

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Family.* *Quarrels about some of the Articles of Union, particularly the peerage.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

timbernounUS /ˈtɪmbər/

the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is an old observation that the quarrels of relations are harder to reconcile than any other; injuries from friends fret and gall more, and the memory of them is not so easily obliterated.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

UnionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading Family.* *Quarrels about some of the Articles of Union, particularly the peerage.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

wedgenounUS /wedʒ/

any shape that is triangular in cross section

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

wingnounUS /wɪŋ/

a movable organ for flying (one of a pair)

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading They say that there were some hardships put upon Peg which had been better let alone; but it was the business of good people to restrain the injuries on one side and moderate the resentments on the other--a good friend acts both parts, the one without the other will not do.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

woundednounUS /ˈwuːndɪd/

people who are wounded

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading There was no man in the world less subject to rancour than John Bull, considering how often his good nature has been abused; yet I don't know but he was too apt to hearken to tattling people that carry tales between him and his sister Peg, on purpose to sow jealousies and set them together by the ears.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading This is cunningly represented by one of your old sages called Aesop, in the story of the bird that was grieved extremely at being wounded with an arrow feathered with his own wing; as also of the oak that let many a heavy groan when he was cleft with a wedge of his own timber.

Chapter 23 of The History of John Bull by John Arbuthnot holds 19 sentences, grouped into 4 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of The History of John Bull contain?

Chapter 23 holds 19 sentences of The History of John Bull, unabridged, divided into 4 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of The History of John Bull by John Arbuthnot exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 19 sentences, grouped into 4 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of The History of John Bull?

Work through the 4 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 4 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The History of John Bull

Common questions about reading The History of John Bull by John Arbuthnot on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The History of John Bull?

Yes. All 1582 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2643 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The History of John Bull is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2643, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The History of John Bull take to read?

About 131 minutes of reading across 317 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The History of John Bull section by section

How to work through The History of John Bull section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The History of John Bull to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The History of John Bull

Words and structures a reader meets early in The History of John Bull, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of John Bull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Quarrels
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of John Bull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Happened
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of John Bull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Neighbourhood
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of John Bull; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.