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The History of Pendennis — Volume 2
The History of Pendennis — Volume 2

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The History of Pendennis — Volume 2 is here in full — 207 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The History of Pendennis — Volume 2
Context Illustration Reading 1/41 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FIAT JUSTITIA.
The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.
But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?
Was Arthur ill?
Arthur drank a large bumper of sherry.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The History of Pendennis — Volume 2

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The History of Pendennis — Volume 2 is here in full — 207 sentences across 42 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/41 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FIAT JUSTITIA.
Line 2
The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.
Line 3
But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?
Line 4
Was Arthur ill?
/wɑːz ˈɑːrθər ɪl/
Line 5
Arthur drank a large bumper of sherry.
/ˈɑːrθər dræŋk ə lɑːrdʒ ˈbʌmpər ʌv ˈʃeri/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arriving verb US /ərˈaɪvɪŋ/

-ing form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading “The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.”

bumper noun US /ˈbʌmpər/

a glass filled to the brim (especially as a toast)

From this reading “Arthur drank a large bumper of sherry.”

fiat noun US /ˈfaɪæt/

a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge)

From this reading “FIAT JUSTITIA.”

imperious adj US /ɪmˈpɪr.i.əs/

Assuming power or authority without justification; arrogant and domineering. (Hách dịch, độc đoán, kiêu kỳ.)

From this reading “But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?”

patroness noun US /ˈpeɪtrənəs/

a woman who is a patron or the wife of a patron

From this reading “But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?”

scared adjective US /skerd/

made afraid

From this reading “But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?”

scold verb US /skoʊld/

censure severely or angrily

From this reading “The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.”

sherry noun US /ˈʃeri/

dry to sweet amber wine from the Jerez region of southern Spain or similar wines produced elsewhere; usually drunk as an aperitif

From this reading “Arthur drank a large bumper of sherry.”

All words in this reading · 50

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Arthur drank a large bumper of sherry.

alarmnounUS /əˈlɑːrm/

fear resulting from the awareness of danger

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.

arrivingverbUS /ərˈaɪvɪŋ/

-ing form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.

ArthurnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.

bumpernounUS /ˈbʌmpər/

a glass filled to the brim (especially as a toast)

From this reading Arthur drank a large bumper of sherry.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

cousinnounUS /ˈkʌzən/

the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

dinnernounUS /ˈdɪnər/

the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

From this reading The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.

drankverbUS /dræŋk/

inflected form of “drink” — take in liquids

From this reading Arthur drank a large bumper of sherry.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

FIATnounUS /ˈfaɪæt/

a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge)

From this reading FIAT JUSTITIA.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading Was Arthur ill?

imperiousadjUS /ɪmˈpɪr.i.əs/

Assuming power or authority without justification; arrogant and domineering. (Hách dịch, độc đoán, kiêu kỳ.)

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

interruptedadjectiveUS /ˌɪntərˈʌptɪd/

discontinued temporarily

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

JUSTITIA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FIAT JUSTITIA.

LadynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Arthur drank a large bumper of sherry.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.

Laura

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Arthur drank a large bumper of sherry.

paleadjectiveUS /peɪl/

very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

patronessnounUS /ˈpeɪtrənəs/

a woman who is a patron or the wife of a patron

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.

Rockminster

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

scaredadjectiveUS /skerd/

made afraid

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

scoldverbUS /skoʊld/

censure severely or angrily

From this reading The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

sherrynounUS /ˈʃeri/

dry to sweet amber wine from the Jerez region of southern Spain or similar wines produced elsewhere; usually drunk as an aperitif

From this reading Arthur drank a large bumper of sherry.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

tenderadjectiveUS /ˈtendər/

given to sympathy or gentleness or sentimentality

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The dinner was served when Arthur returned, and Lady Rockminster began to scold him for arriving late.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But Laura, looking at her cousin, saw that his face was so pale and scared, that she interrupted her imperious patroness; and asked, with tender alarm, what had happened?

Chapter 31 of The History of Pendennis — Volume 2 by William Makepeace Thackeray holds 207 sentences, grouped into 42 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The History of Pendennis — Volume 2 contain?

Chapter 31 holds 207 sentences of The History of Pendennis — Volume 2, unabridged, divided into 42 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The History of Pendennis — Volume 2 by William Makepeace Thackeray exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 207 sentences, grouped into 42 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The History of Pendennis — Volume 2?

Work through the 42 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 42 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The History of Pendennis — Volume 2

Common questions about reading The History of Pendennis — Volume 2 by William Makepeace Thackeray on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The History of Pendennis — Volume 2?

Yes. All 7276 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9904 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The History of Pendennis — Volume 2 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9904, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The History of Pendennis — Volume 2 take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1456 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The History of Pendennis — Volume 2 section by section

How to work through The History of Pendennis — Volume 2 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The History of Pendennis — Volume 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in The History of Pendennis — Volume 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Relates
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of Pendennis — Volume 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Harry
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of Pendennis — Volume 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Foker's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of Pendennis — Volume 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Affairs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The History of Pendennis — Volume 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.