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The History of "Punch"
The History of "Punch"

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The History of "Punch" is here in full — 171 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The History of "Punch"
Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the original.
With Numerous Illustrations Cassell and Company, Limited _London, Paris, & Melbourne_ _PERCY EDWIN SPIELMANN_ PREFACE.
The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."
So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.
During the four years in which I have been engaged upon this book, my correspondents have been numbered by hundreds.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The History of "Punch"

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The History of "Punch" is here in full — 171 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the original.
/tekst enˈkloʊzd bɪˈtwiːn ˈiːkwəl saɪnz wɑːz ɪn boʊld feɪs ɪn ðə ərˈɪdʒənəl/
Line 2
With Numerous Illustrations Cassell and Company, Limited _London, Paris, & Melbourne_ _PERCY EDWIN SPIELMANN_ PREFACE.
Line 3
The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."
Line 4
So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.
Line 5
During the four years in which I have been engaged upon this book, my correspondents have been numbered by hundreds.
/ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fɔːr jɪrz ɪn wɪtʃ aɪ hæv bɪn enˈɡeɪdʒd əˈpɑːn ðɪs bʊk maɪ ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndənts hæv bɪn ˈnʌmbərd baɪ ˈhʌndrədz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

correspondents noun US /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndənts/

plural of “correspondent” — someone who communicates by means of letters

From this reading “During the four years in which I have been engaged upon this book, my correspondents have been numbered by hundreds.”

documentary noun US /ˌdɑːkjəˈmentəri/

a film or TV program presenting the facts about a person or event

From this reading “So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.”

fragmentary adjective US /ˈfræɡmənteri/

consisting of small disconnected parts

From this reading “The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."”

Illustrations noun US /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃənz/

plural of “illustration” — artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading “With Numerous Illustrations Cassell and Company, Limited _London, Paris, & Melbourne_ _PERCY EDWIN SPIELMANN_ PREFACE.”

Lemon noun US /ˈlemən/

yellow oval fruit with juicy acidic flesh

From this reading “So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.”

productions noun US /prəˈdʌkʃənz/

plural of “production” — the act or process of producing something

From this reading “The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."”

untrustworthy adjective US /ənˈtrʌstwɜːrði/

not worthy of trust or belief

From this reading “So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.”

writer's noun US /ˈraɪtərz/

possessive form of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading “So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.”

All words in this reading · 114

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading With Numerous Illustrations Cassell and Company, Limited _London, Paris, & Melbourne_ _PERCY EDWIN SPIELMANN_ PREFACE.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

availverbUS /əˈveɪl/

use to one's advantage

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

basedadjectiveUS /beɪst/

having a base

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading During the four years in which I have been engaged upon this book, my correspondents have been numbered by hundreds.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the original.

boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading Text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the original.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading During the four years in which I have been engaged upon this book, my correspondents have been numbered by hundreds.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading During the four years in which I have been engaged upon this book, my correspondents have been numbered by hundreds.

CareernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

Cassell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With Numerous Illustrations Cassell and Company, Limited _London, Paris, & Melbourne_ _PERCY EDWIN SPIELMANN_ PREFACE.

CompanynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading With Numerous Illustrations Cassell and Company, Limited _London, Paris, & Melbourne_ _PERCY EDWIN SPIELMANN_ PREFACE.

correspondentsnounUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndənts/

plural of “correspondent” — someone who communicates by means of letters

From this reading During the four years in which I have been engaged upon this book, my correspondents have been numbered by hundreds.

courteousadjectiveUS /ˈkɜːrtiəs/

exhibiting courtesy and politeness

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

delightfuladjectiveUS /dɪˈlaɪtfəl/

greatly pleasing or entertaining

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

desirableadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪrəbəl/

worth having or seeking or achieving

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

detailsnounUS /dɪˈteɪlz/

true confidential information

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

documentarynounUS /ˌdɑːkjəˈmentəri/

a film or TV program presenting the facts about a person or event

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During the four years in which I have been engaged upon this book, my correspondents have been numbered by hundreds.

EDWINnounUS /ˈedwən/

king of Northumbria who was converted to Christianity (585-633)

From this reading With Numerous Illustrations Cassell and Company, Limited _London, Paris, & Melbourne_ _PERCY EDWIN SPIELMANN_ PREFACE.

enclosedadjectiveUS /enˈkloʊzd/

closed in or surrounded or included within

From this reading Text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the original.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading During the four years in which I have been engaged upon this book, my correspondents have been numbered by hundreds.

entitledadjectiveUS /enˈtaɪtəld/

qualified for by right according to law

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading Text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the original.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the original.

failedverbUS /feɪld/

past form of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

foundedverbUS /ˈfaʊndɪd/

past form of “found” — set up or found

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading During the four years in which I have been engaged upon this book, my correspondents have been numbered by hundreds.

fragmentaryadjectiveUS /ˈfræɡmənteri/

consisting of small disconnected parts

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

Hatton's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

hithertoadverbUS /ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

Hodder

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

hundredsnounUS /ˈhʌndrədz/

plural of “hundred” — ten 10s

From this reading During the four years in which I have been engaged upon this book, my correspondents have been numbered by hundreds.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

IllustrationsnounUS /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃənz/

plural of “illustration” — artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading With Numerous Illustrations Cassell and Company, Limited _London, Paris, & Melbourne_ _PERCY EDWIN SPIELMANN_ PREFACE.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the original.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

intimacynounUS /ˈɪntəməsi/

close or warm friendship

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

JosephnounUS /ˈdʒoʊsəf/

leader of the Nez Perce in their retreat from United States troops (1840-1904)

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

last-named

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

LemonnounUS /ˈlemən/

yellow oval fruit with juicy acidic flesh

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

LimitedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪmətəd/

small in range or scope

From this reading With Numerous Illustrations Cassell and Company, Limited _London, Paris, & Melbourne_ _PERCY EDWIN SPIELMANN_ PREFACE.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading With Numerous Illustrations Cassell and Company, Limited _London, Paris, & Melbourne_ _PERCY EDWIN SPIELMANN_ PREFACE.

mainlyadverbUS /ˈmeɪnli/

for the most part

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

MarkverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

MelbournenounUS /ˈmelbərn/

a resort town in east central Florida

From this reading With Numerous Illustrations Cassell and Company, Limited _London, Paris, & Melbourne_ _PERCY EDWIN SPIELMANN_ PREFACE.

MemoriesnounUS /ˈmɛm.ə.riz/

Recollections of past events.

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading During the four years in which I have been engaged upon this book, my correspondents have been numbered by hundreds.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

numberedverbUS /ˈnʌmbərd/

past form of “number” — add up in number or quantity

From this reading During the four years in which I have been engaged upon this book, my correspondents have been numbered by hundreds.

NumerousadjectiveUS /ˈnuːmərəs/

amounting to a large indefinite number

From this reading With Numerous Illustrations Cassell and Company, Limited _London, Paris, & Melbourne_ _PERCY EDWIN SPIELMANN_ PREFACE.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

originnounUS /ˈɔːrədʒən/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading Text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the original.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

papersnounUS /ˈpeɪpərz/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading With Numerous Illustrations Cassell and Company, Limited _London, Paris, & Melbourne_ _PERCY EDWIN SPIELMANN_ PREFACE.

PERCYnounUS /ˈpɜːrsi/

United States writer whose novels explored human alienation (1916-1990)

From this reading With Numerous Illustrations Cassell and Company, Limited _London, Paris, & Melbourne_ _PERCY EDWIN SPIELMANN_ PREFACE.

permissionnounUS /pərˈmɪʃən/

approval to do something

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

possessverbUS /pəˈzes/

have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

PREFACEnounUS /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading With Numerous Illustrations Cassell and Company, Limited _London, Paris, & Melbourne_ _PERCY EDWIN SPIELMANN_ PREFACE.

prevailingadjectiveUS /prɪˈveɪlɪŋ/

most frequent or common

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

productionsnounUS /prəˈdʌkʃənz/

plural of “production” — the act or process of producing something

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

PunchverbUS /pʌntʃ/

deliver a quick blow to

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

Punch's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

restedadjectiveUS /ˈrestəd/

not tired; refreshed as by sleeping or relaxing

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading Text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the original.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

SPIELMANN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With Numerous Illustrations Cassell and Company, Limited _London, Paris, & Melbourne_ _PERCY EDWIN SPIELMANN_ PREFACE.

statementsnounUS /ˈsteɪtmənts/

plural of “statement” — a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

StorynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

TextnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading Text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the original.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the original.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading During the four years in which I have been engaged upon this book, my correspondents have been numbered by hundreds.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

TrueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading The prevailing idea of the origin and history of _Punch_ has hitherto rested mainly on three productions: the "Memories" of George Hodder, "Mr. Punch's Origin and Career," and Mr. Joseph Hatton's delightful but fragmentary papers, entitled "The True Story of _Punch_."

untrustworthyadjectiveUS /ənˈtrʌstwɜːrði/

not worthy of trust or belief

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

valuenounUS /ˈvæljuː/

a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the original.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading During the four years in which I have been engaged upon this book, my correspondents have been numbered by hundreds.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With Numerous Illustrations Cassell and Company, Limited _London, Paris, & Melbourne_ _PERCY EDWIN SPIELMANN_ PREFACE.

writer'snounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

possessive form of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading So far as the last-named is based upon the others, it is untrustworthy in its details; but the statements founded on the writer's own knowledge and on the documentary matter in his hands, as well as upon his intimacy with Mark Lemon, possess a distinct and individual value, and I have not failed to avail myself in the following pages of Mr. Hatton's courteous permission to make such use of them as might be desirable.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading During the four years in which I have been engaged upon this book, my correspondents have been numbered by hundreds.

Chapter 1 of The History of "Punch" by M. H. (Marion Harry) Spielmann holds 171 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The History of "Punch" contain?

Chapter 1 holds 171 sentences of The History of "Punch", unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The History of "Punch" by M. H. (Marion Harry) Spielmann exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 171 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The History of "Punch"?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in The History of "Punch"

Words and structures a reader meets early in The History of "Punch", each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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