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The house of bondage
The house of bondage

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The house of bondage is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Spring, summer, and autumn passed, and a lean winter followed them.
Mary caught another cold and was ill for a week.
She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.
At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.
But now the sword descended.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The house of bondage

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of The house of bondage is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Spring, summer, and autumn passed, and a lean winter followed them.
/sprɪŋ ˈsʌmər ənd ˈɔːtəm pæst ənd ə liːn ˈwɪntər ˈfɑːloʊd ðem/
Line 2
Mary caught another cold and was ill for a week.
/ˈmeri kɑːt əˈnʌðər koʊld ənd wɑːz ɪl fɔːr ə wiːk/
Line 3
She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.
/ʃiː went tuː wɜːrk tuː suːn ənd hæd tuː ɡoʊ bæk tuː bed fɔːr ˈsevrəl deɪz ənd rɪˈmeɪn ˈaɪdəl fɔːr ˈsevrəl naɪts/
Line 4
At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.
Line 5
But now the sword descended.
/bʌt naʊ ðə sɔːrd dɪˈsendəd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Avenue noun US /ˈævənuː/

a line of approach

From this reading “At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.”

Fourteenth adjective US /ˈfɔːrˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the thirteenth in position

From this reading “At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.”

gnawing verb US /ˈnɔːɪŋ/

-ing form of “gnaw” — bite or chew on with the teeth

From this reading “At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.”

lean verb US /liːn/

to incline or bend from a vertical position

From this reading “Spring, summer, and autumn passed, and a lean winter followed them.”

poverty noun US /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading “At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.”

Sixth adjective US /sɪksθ/

coming next after the fifth and just before the seventh in position

From this reading “At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.”

struggled verb US /ˈstrʌɡəld/

past form of “struggle” — make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading “At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.”

tramped verb US /træmpt/

past form of “tramp” — travel on foot, especially on a walking expedition

From this reading “At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

several days adjective + noun

In this reading “She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.”

once more adverb + adjective

anew

In this reading “At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.”

several nights adjective + noun

In this reading “She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.”

remain idle verb + adjective

In this reading “She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.”

go back verb + particle

belong to an earlier time

In this reading “She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.”

for a week preposition + article + noun counted as “for … week”

In this reading “Mary caught another cold and was ill for a week.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Spring, summer, and autumn passed, and a lean winter followed them.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Spring, summer, and autumn passed, and a lean winter followed them.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Mary caught another cold and was ill for a week.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

autumnnounUS /ˈɔːtəm/

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading Spring, summer, and autumn passed, and a lean winter followed them.

AvenuenounUS /ˈævənuː/

a line of approach

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But now the sword descended.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading Mary caught another cold and was ill for a week.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Mary caught another cold and was ill for a week.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

descendedverbUS /dɪˈsendəd/

past form of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading But now the sword descended.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Spring, summer, and autumn passed, and a lean winter followed them.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Mary caught another cold and was ill for a week.

FourteenthadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the thirteenth in position

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

gnawingverbUS /ˈnɔːɪŋ/

-ing form of “gnaw” — bite or chew on with the teeth

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

idleadjectiveUS /ˈaɪdəl/

not in action or at work

From this reading She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading Mary caught another cold and was ill for a week.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

leanverbUS /liːn/

to incline or bend from a vertical position

From this reading Spring, summer, and autumn passed, and a lean winter followed them.

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading Mary caught another cold and was ill for a week.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

nightsnounUS /naɪts/

Periods of darkness between sunset and sunrise.

From this reading She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading But now the sword descended.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Spring, summer, and autumn passed, and a lean winter followed them.

povertynounUS /ˈpɑːvərti/

the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

remainverbUS /rɪˈmeɪn/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.

SixthadjectiveUS /sɪksθ/

coming next after the fifth and just before the seventh in position

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.

SpringnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading Spring, summer, and autumn passed, and a lean winter followed them.

StreetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

struggledverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəld/

past form of “struggle” — make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

summernounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading Spring, summer, and autumn passed, and a lean winter followed them.

swordnounUS /sɔːrd/

a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading But now the sword descended.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Spring, summer, and autumn passed, and a lean winter followed them.

ThirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.

trampedverbUS /træmpt/

past form of “tramp” — travel on foot, especially on a walking expedition

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

vitalsnoun

a bodily organ that is essential for life

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mary caught another cold and was ill for a week.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading Mary caught another cold and was ill for a week.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading Spring, summer, and autumn passed, and a lean winter followed them.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading At last, with the ancient fear of the white race--the fear of that poverty which is death--gnawing at her vitals, she struggled to her feet and tramped once more along Fourteenth Street from Sixth Avenue to Third.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading She went to work too soon and had to go back to bed for several days and remain idle for several nights.

Chapter 16 of The house of bondage by Reginald Wright Kauffman holds 417 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of The house of bondage contain?

Chapter 16 holds 417 sentences of The house of bondage, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of The house of bondage by Reginald Wright Kauffman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 417 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of The house of bondage?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The house of bondage

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Vocabulary met early in The house of bondage

Words and structures a reader meets early in The house of bondage, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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