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The Human Element
The Human Element

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Human Element is here in full — 196 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Human Element
Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_It was absolutely amazing what science could do.
The last century of progress had been wonderful!
Why even the circus was far better--or was it?_ "Going to the circus?" the man with the sallow complexion asked.
Kevin nodded but didn't look at his questioner.
He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.
0:00 / 0:00
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Human Element

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The Human Element is here in full — 196 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_It was absolutely amazing what science could do.
/ɪt wɑːz ˌæbsəˈluːtli əˈmeɪzɪŋ wʌt ˈsaɪəns kʊd duː/
Line 2
The last century of progress had been wonderful!
/ðə læst ˈsentʃəri ʌv ˈprɑːɡres hæd bɪn ˈwʌndərfəl/
Line 3
Why even the circus was far better--or was it?_ "Going to the circus?" the man with the sallow complexion asked.
Line 4
Kevin nodded but didn't look at his questioner.
Line 5
He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amazing adjective US /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/

surprising greatly

From this reading “_It was absolutely amazing what science could do.”

brushed adjective US /brʌʃt/

touched lightly in passing; grazed against

From this reading “He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.”

circus noun US /ˈsɜːrkəs/

a travelling company of entertainers; including trained animals

From this reading “Why even the circus was far better--or was it?_ "Going to the circus?" the man with the sallow complexion asked.”

complexion noun US /kəmˈplekʃən/

the coloring of a person's face

From this reading “Why even the circus was far better--or was it?_ "Going to the circus?" the man with the sallow complexion asked.”

glasses noun US /ˈɡlæsəz/

(plural) optical instrument consisting of a frame that holds a pair of lenses for correcting defective vision

From this reading “He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.”

lined adjective US /laɪnd/

bordered by a line of things

From this reading “He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.”

nervously adverb US /ˈnɜːrvəsli/

in an anxiously nervous manner

From this reading “He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.”

questioner noun US /ˈkwestʃənər/

someone who asks a question

From this reading “Kevin nodded but didn't look at his questioner.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sallow complexion adjective + noun

In this reading “Why even the circus was far better--or was it?_ "Going to the circus?" the man with the sallow complexion asked.”

gray hair noun + noun

In this reading “He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.”

last century adjective + noun

In this reading “The last century of progress had been wonderful!”

look at verb + particle

take into consideration for exemplifying purposes

In this reading “Kevin nodded but didn't look at his questioner.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

absolutelyadverbUS /ˌæbsəˈluːtli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading _It was absolutely amazing what science could do.

amazingadjectiveUS /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/

surprising greatly

From this reading _It was absolutely amazing what science could do.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading Why even the circus was far better--or was it?_ "Going to the circus?" the man with the sallow complexion asked.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Kevin nodded but didn't look at his questioner.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The last century of progress had been wonderful!

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Why even the circus was far better--or was it?_ "Going to the circus?" the man with the sallow complexion asked.

brushedadjectiveUS /brʌʃt/

touched lightly in passing; grazed against

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Kevin nodded but didn't look at his questioner.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading The last century of progress had been wonderful!

circusnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəs/

a travelling company of entertainers; including trained animals

From this reading Why even the circus was far better--or was it?_ "Going to the circus?" the man with the sallow complexion asked.

complexionnounUS /kəmˈplekʃən/

the coloring of a person's face

From this reading Why even the circus was far better--or was it?_ "Going to the circus?" the man with the sallow complexion asked.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading _It was absolutely amazing what science could do.

didn't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Kevin nodded but didn't look at his questioner.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading _It was absolutely amazing what science could do.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Why even the circus was far better--or was it?_ "Going to the circus?" the man with the sallow complexion asked.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Why even the circus was far better--or was it?_ "Going to the circus?" the man with the sallow complexion asked.

foreheadnounUS /ˈfɔːrhed/

the part of the face above the eyes

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

glassesnounUS /ˈɡlæsəz/

(plural) optical instrument consisting of a frame that holds a pair of lenses for correcting defective vision

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

GoingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Why even the circus was far better--or was it?_ "Going to the circus?" the man with the sallow complexion asked.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The last century of progress had been wonderful!

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Kevin nodded but didn't look at his questioner.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading _It was absolutely amazing what science could do.

Kevin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Kevin nodded but didn't look at his questioner.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The last century of progress had been wonderful!

linedadjectiveUS /laɪnd/

bordered by a line of things

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

lockverbUS /lɑːk/

fasten with a lock

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Kevin nodded but didn't look at his questioner.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Why even the circus was far better--or was it?_ "Going to the circus?" the man with the sallow complexion asked.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

nervouslyadverbUS /ˈnɜːrvəsli/

in an anxiously nervous manner

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

noddedverbUS /ˈnɑːdəd/

inflected form of “nod” — express or signify by nodding

From this reading Kevin nodded but didn't look at his questioner.

nosenounUS /noʊz/

the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The last century of progress had been wonderful!

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Why even the circus was far better--or was it?_ "Going to the circus?" the man with the sallow complexion asked.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading The last century of progress had been wonderful!

pushedverbUS /pʊʃt/

past form of “push” — move with force

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

questionernounUS /ˈkwestʃənər/

someone who asks a question

From this reading Kevin nodded but didn't look at his questioner.

rimlessadjective

lacking a rim or frame

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

sallowadjective

unhealthy looking

From this reading Why even the circus was far better--or was it?_ "Going to the circus?" the man with the sallow complexion asked.

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading _It was absolutely amazing what science could do.

secureverbUS /sɪˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading He nervously brushed back the lock of gray hair from his lined forehead and pushed his rimless glasses into a more secure position on his nose.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The last century of progress had been wonderful!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Why even the circus was far better--or was it?_ "Going to the circus?" the man with the sallow complexion asked.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _It was absolutely amazing what science could do.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading _It was absolutely amazing what science could do.

WhynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Why even the circus was far better--or was it?_ "Going to the circus?" the man with the sallow complexion asked.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Why even the circus was far better--or was it?_ "Going to the circus?" the man with the sallow complexion asked.

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading The last century of progress had been wonderful!

Chapter 1 of The Human Element by Leo P. Kelley holds 196 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Human Element contain?

Chapter 1 holds 196 sentences of The Human Element, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Human Element by Leo P. Kelley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 196 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Human Element?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Human Element

Common questions about reading The Human Element by Leo P. Kelley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Human Element?

Yes. All 196 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #59982 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Human Element is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #59982, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Human Element take to read?

About 16 minutes of reading across 40 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Human Element section by section

How to work through The Human Element section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of The Human Element to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Human Element

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Human Element, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Absolutely
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Human Element; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Amazing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Human Element; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Science
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Human Element; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Century
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Human Element; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.