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The Humbugs of the World
The Humbugs of the World

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Humbugs of the World is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Humbugs of the World
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE PETROLEUM HUMBUG.--THE NEW YORK AND RANGOON PETROLEUM COMPANY.
Every sham, as has often been said, proves some reality.
Petroleum exists, no doubt, and is an important addition to our national wealth.
But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.
There are more than six hundred petroleum companies.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Humbugs of the World

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of The Humbugs of the World is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE PETROLEUM HUMBUG.--THE NEW YORK AND RANGOON PETROLEUM COMPANY.
Line 2
Every sham, as has often been said, proves some reality.
/ˈevəri ʃæm æz hæz ˈɔːfən bɪn sed pruːvz sʌm ˌriːˈælətiː/
Line 3
Petroleum exists, no doubt, and is an important addition to our national wealth.
/pəˈtroʊliəm ɪɡˈzɪsts noʊ daʊt ənd ɪz æn ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt əˈdɪʃən tuː ˈaʊər ˈnæʃənəl welθ/
Line 4
But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.
Line 5
There are more than six hundred petroleum companies.
/ðer ɑːr mɔːr ðæn sɪks ˈhʌndrəd pəˈtroʊliəm ˈkʌmpəniːz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

exists verb US /ɪɡˈzɪsts/

third-person singular of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading “Petroleum exists, no doubt, and is an important addition to our national wealth.”

humbug noun US /ˈhʌmbʌɡ/

pretentious or silly talk or writing

From this reading “THE PETROLEUM HUMBUG.--THE NEW YORK AND RANGOON PETROLEUM COMPANY.”

mania noun US /ˈmeɪniə/

an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action

From this reading “But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.”

milder adjective US /ˈmaɪldər/

comparative of “mild” — moderate in type or degree or effect or force; far from extreme

From this reading “But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.”

petroleum noun US /pəˈtroʊliəm/

a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons

From this reading “THE PETROLEUM HUMBUG.--THE NEW YORK AND RANGOON PETROLEUM COMPANY.”

rangoon noun US /ræŋˈɡuːn/

the capital and largest city of Myanmar; located in the south near the Irrawaddy river delta

From this reading “THE PETROLEUM HUMBUG.--THE NEW YORK AND RANGOON PETROLEUM COMPANY.”

sham noun US /ʃæm/

something that is a counterfeit; not what it seems to be

From this reading “Every sham, as has often been said, proves some reality.”

superstition noun US /ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃən/

an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear

From this reading “But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

six hundred noun + noun

In this reading “There are more than six hundred petroleum companies.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

additionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

a component that is added to something to improve it

From this reading Petroleum exists, no doubt, and is an important addition to our national wealth.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Petroleum exists, no doubt, and is an important addition to our national wealth.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE PETROLEUM HUMBUG.--THE NEW YORK AND RANGOON PETROLEUM COMPANY.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There are more than six hundred petroleum companies.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Every sham, as has often been said, proves some reality.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Every sham, as has often been said, proves some reality.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

bitterer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

chooseverbUS /tʃuːz/

pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

companiesnounUS /ˈkʌmpəniːz/

plural of “company” — an institution created to conduct business

From this reading There are more than six hundred petroleum companies.

COMPANYnounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading THE PETROLEUM HUMBUG.--THE NEW YORK AND RANGOON PETROLEUM COMPANY.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading Petroleum exists, no doubt, and is an important addition to our national wealth.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every sham, as has often been said, proves some reality.

existsverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪsts/

third-person singular of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading Petroleum exists, no doubt, and is an important addition to our national wealth.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Every sham, as has often been said, proves some reality.

HUMBUGnounUS /ˈhʌmbʌɡ/

pretentious or silly talk or writing

From this reading THE PETROLEUM HUMBUG.--THE NEW YORK AND RANGOON PETROLEUM COMPANY.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading There are more than six hundred petroleum companies.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading Petroleum exists, no doubt, and is an important addition to our national wealth.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Petroleum exists, no doubt, and is an important addition to our national wealth.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

manianounUS /ˈmeɪniə/

an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

milderadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪldər/

comparative of “mild” — moderate in type or degree or effect or force; far from extreme

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading There are more than six hundred petroleum companies.

nationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading Petroleum exists, no doubt, and is an important addition to our national wealth.

NEWadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading THE PETROLEUM HUMBUG.--THE NEW YORK AND RANGOON PETROLEUM COMPANY.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Petroleum exists, no doubt, and is an important addition to our national wealth.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Every sham, as has often been said, proves some reality.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Petroleum exists, no doubt, and is an important addition to our national wealth.

PETROLEUMnounUS /pəˈtroʊliəm/

a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons

From this reading THE PETROLEUM HUMBUG.--THE NEW YORK AND RANGOON PETROLEUM COMPANY.

provesverbUS /pruːvz/

third-person singular of “prove” — be shown or be found to be

From this reading Every sham, as has often been said, proves some reality.

RANGOONnounUS /ræŋˈɡuːn/

the capital and largest city of Myanmar; located in the south near the Irrawaddy river delta

From this reading THE PETROLEUM HUMBUG.--THE NEW YORK AND RANGOON PETROLEUM COMPANY.

realitynounUS /ˌriːˈælətiː/

all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you

From this reading Every sham, as has often been said, proves some reality.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Every sham, as has often been said, proves some reality.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

shamnounUS /ʃæm/

something that is a counterfeit; not what it seems to be

From this reading Every sham, as has often been said, proves some reality.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading There are more than six hundred petroleum companies.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Every sham, as has often been said, proves some reality.

superstitionnounUS /ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃən/

an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading There are more than six hundred petroleum companies.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE PETROLEUM HUMBUG.--THE NEW YORK AND RANGOON PETROLEUM COMPANY.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are more than six hundred petroleum companies.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Petroleum exists, no doubt, and is an important addition to our national wealth.

trulyadverbUS /ˈtruːli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading Petroleum exists, no doubt, and is an important addition to our national wealth.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

YORKnounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading THE PETROLEUM HUMBUG.--THE NEW YORK AND RANGOON PETROLEUM COMPANY.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading But the Petroleum humbug or mania or superstition, or whatever you choose to call it, is a humbug, just as truly, and a big one, whether we use the word in its milder or its bitterer sense.

Chapter 20 of The Humbugs of the World by P. T. (Phineas Taylor) Barnum holds 116 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of The Humbugs of the World contain?

Chapter 20 holds 116 sentences of The Humbugs of the World, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of The Humbugs of the World by P. T. (Phineas Taylor) Barnum exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 116 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of The Humbugs of the World?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Humbugs of the World

Common questions about reading The Humbugs of the World by P. T. (Phineas Taylor) Barnum on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Humbugs of the World?

Yes. All 4632 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26640 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Humbugs of the World is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26640, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Humbugs of the World take to read?

About 386 minutes of reading across 927 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Humbugs of the World section by section

How to work through The Humbugs of the World section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Humbugs of the World to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Humbugs of the World

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Humbugs of the World, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Humbugs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Account
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Delusions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.