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The Humbugs of the World
The Humbugs of the World

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Humbugs of the World is here in full — 100 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Humbugs of the World
Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE TULIPOMANIA.
Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.
Somebody accordingly remarked that she was an elephant that had swallowed a nightingale.
About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.
But they did so, for three or four years together.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Humbugs of the World

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of The Humbugs of the World is here in full — 100 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE TULIPOMANIA.
Line 2
Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.
Line 3
Somebody accordingly remarked that she was an elephant that had swallowed a nightingale.
/ˈsʌmbɑːdi əˈkɔːrdɪŋli rɪˈmɑːrkt ðæt ʃiː wɑːz æn ˈeləfənt ðæt hæd ˈswɑːloʊd ə ˈnaɪtɪŋɡeɪl/
Line 4
About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.
Line 5
But they did so, for three or four years together.
/bʌt ðeɪ dɪd soʊ fɔːr θriː ɔːr fɔːr jɪrz təˈɡeðər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

elephant noun US /ˈeləfənt/

five-toed pachyderm

From this reading “Somebody accordingly remarked that she was an elephant that had swallowed a nightingale.”

exquisitely adverb US /ˌekˈskwɪzɪtli/

in a delicate manner

From this reading “Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.”

foggy adjective US /ˈfɑːɡi/

stunned or confused and slow to react (as from blows or drunkenness or exhaustion)

From this reading “About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.”

Holland noun US /ˈhɑːlənd/

a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea; half the country lies below sea level

From this reading “About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.”

incongruous adjective US /ˌɪŋˈkɔːŋruːəs/

lacking in harmony or compatibility or appropriateness

From this reading “About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.”

nightingale noun US /ˈnaɪtɪŋɡeɪl/

European songbird noted for its melodious nocturnal song

From this reading “Somebody accordingly remarked that she was an elephant that had swallowed a nightingale.”

singer noun US /ˈsɪŋər/

a person who sings

From this reading “Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.”

swallowed verb US /ˈswɑːloʊd/

past form of “swallow” — pass through the esophagus as part of eating or drinking

From this reading “Somebody accordingly remarked that she was an elephant that had swallowed a nightingale.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

four years noun + noun

In this reading “But they did so, for three or four years together.”

sweet voice adjective + noun

In this reading “Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.”

fat woman adjective + noun

In this reading “Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.”

for three preposition + noun

In this reading “But they did so, for three or four years together.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.

AboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

accordinglyadverbUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋli/

(sentence connectors) because of the reason given

From this reading Somebody accordingly remarked that she was an elephant that had swallowed a nightingale.

Alboni

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.

broad-sterned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.

crazyadjectiveUS /ˈkreɪzi/

affected with madness or insanity

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

dampadjectiveUS /dæmp/

slightly wet

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading But they did so, for three or four years together.

Dutchmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

elephantnounUS /ˈeləfənt/

five-toed pachyderm

From this reading Somebody accordingly remarked that she was an elephant that had swallowed a nightingale.

exquisitelyadverbUS /ˌekˈskwɪzɪtli/

in a delicate manner

From this reading Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.

fatadjectiveUS /fæt/

having an (over)abundance of flesh

From this reading Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.

flowernounUS /ˈflaʊər/

a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

foggyadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːɡi/

stunned or confused and slow to react (as from blows or drunkenness or exhaustion)

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But they did so, for three or four years together.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading But they did so, for three or four years together.

full-figured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

gin-drinking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.

HollandnounUS /ˈhɑːlənd/

a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea; half the country lies below sea level

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

incongruousadjectiveUS /ˌɪŋˈkɔːŋruːəs/

lacking in harmony or compatibility or appropriateness

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

nightingalenounUS /ˈnaɪtɪŋɡeɪl/

European songbird noted for its melodious nocturnal song

From this reading Somebody accordingly remarked that she was an elephant that had swallowed a nightingale.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading But they did so, for three or four years together.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

remarkedverbUS /rɪˈmɑːrkt/

past form of “remark” — make mention of

From this reading Somebody accordingly remarked that she was an elephant that had swallowed a nightingale.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Somebody accordingly remarked that she was an elephant that had swallowed a nightingale.

singernounUS /ˈsɪŋər/

a person who sings

From this reading Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading But they did so, for three or four years together.

SomebodypronounUS /ˈsʌmbɑːdi/

a person, without saying who

From this reading Somebody accordingly remarked that she was an elephant that had swallowed a nightingale.

swallowedverbUS /ˈswɑːloʊd/

past form of “swallow” — pass through the esophagus as part of eating or drinking

From this reading Somebody accordingly remarked that she was an elephant that had swallowed a nightingale.

sweetadjectiveUS /swiːt/

having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar

From this reading Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Somebody accordingly remarked that she was an elephant that had swallowed a nightingale.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE TULIPOMANIA.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But they did so, for three or four years together.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading But they did so, for three or four years together.

tobacco-smoking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading About as incongruous is the idea of a nation of damp, foggy, fat, full-figured, broad-sterned, gin-drinking, tobacco-smoking Dutchmen in Holland, going crazy over a flower.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading But they did so, for three or four years together.

TULIPOMANIA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TULIPOMANIA.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Alboni, the singer, had an exquisitely sweet voice, but was a very big fat woman.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading But they did so, for three or four years together.

Chapter 21 of The Humbugs of the World by P. T. (Phineas Taylor) Barnum holds 100 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of The Humbugs of the World contain?

Chapter 21 holds 100 sentences of The Humbugs of the World, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of The Humbugs of the World by P. T. (Phineas Taylor) Barnum exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 100 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of The Humbugs of the World?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Humbugs of the World

Common questions about reading The Humbugs of the World by P. T. (Phineas Taylor) Barnum on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Humbugs of the World?

Yes. All 4632 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26640 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Humbugs of the World is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26640, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Humbugs of the World take to read?

About 386 minutes of reading across 927 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Humbugs of the World section by section

How to work through The Humbugs of the World section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Humbugs of the World to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Humbugs of the World

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Humbugs of the World, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Humbugs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Account
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Delusions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.