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The Humbugs of the World
The Humbugs of the World

Chapter XXIII · Business Humbugs.--John Law.--the Mississippi

Chapter XXIII of The Humbugs of the World, “Business Humbugs.--John Law.--the Mississippi,” is here in full — 169 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
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SCHEME.--JOHNNY CRAPAUD AS GREEDY AS JOHNNY BULL.
In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.
During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.
The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.
This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Humbugs of the World

Chapter XXIII · Business Humbugs.--John Law.--the Mississippi

Chapter XXIII of The Humbugs of the World, “Business Humbugs.--John Law.--the Mississippi,” is here in full — 169 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SCHEME.--JOHNNY CRAPAUD AS GREEDY AS JOHNNY BULL.
Line 2
In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.
/ɪn ðə ɡʊd oʊld taɪmz ˈpiːpəl wɜːr dʒʌst æz ˈiːɡər ˈæftər ˈmʌni æz ðeɪ ɑːr naʊ ənd ə ɡreɪt diːl mɔːr ˈvʌlɡər ənˈskruːpjələs ənd ˈfuːlɪʃ ɪn ðer ɪnˈdevərz tuː ɡet ɪt/
Line 3
During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.
Line 4
The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.
/ðə ˈspænjərdz ənd ˈpɔːrtʃəɡiːz ənd frentʃ ənd ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ɔːl ˌɪnˈsɪstəd əˈpɑːn ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðæt əˈmerəkə wɑːz ˈtʃiːfli meɪd ʌv ɡoʊld pərˈhæps bɪˈliːvɪŋ æz ðə mæn sed əˈbaʊt ˌkɑːlərˈɑːdoʊ ðæt ðə ˈhɑːrdʃɪp ʌv ðə pleɪs wɑːz ðæt juː hæv tuː dɪɡ θruː θriː ɔːr fɔːr fiːt ʌv ˈsɑːləd ˈsɪlvər bɪˈfɔːr ðə ɡoʊld kʊd biː riːtʃt/
Line 5
This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.
/ðɪs ˈkjʊriəs dɪˈluːʒən ɪz ʃoʊn baɪ ðə fækt ðæt ðə ˈɜːrli ˈtʃɑːrtərz ʌv lændz ɪn əˈmerəkə soʊ ˈjuːnəfɔːrmli rɪˈzɜːrvd tuː ðə kɪŋ hɪz prəˈpɔːrʃən ʌv ɔːl ɡoʊld ənd ˈsɪlvər ðæt ʃʊd biː faʊnd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

charters noun US /ˈtʃɑːrtərz/

plural of “charter” — a document incorporating an institution and specifying its rights; includes the articles of incorporation and the certificate of incorporation

From this reading “This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.”

Colorado noun US /ˌkɑːlərˈɑːdoʊ/

a state in west central United States in the Rocky Mountains

From this reading “The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.”

delusion noun US /dɪˈluːʒən/

(psychology) an erroneous belief that is held in the face of evidence to the contrary

From this reading “This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.”

endeavors noun US /ɪnˈdevərz/

plural of “endeavor” — a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading “In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.”

greedy adjective US /ˈɡriːdi/

immoderately desirous of acquiring e.g. wealth

From this reading “SCHEME.--JOHNNY CRAPAUD AS GREEDY AS JOHNNY BULL.”

hardship noun US /ˈhɑːrdʃɪp/

a state of misfortune or affliction

From this reading “The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.”

uniformly adverb US /ˈjuːnəfɔːrmli/

in a uniform manner

From this reading “This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.”

unscrupulous adjective US /ənˈskruːpjələs/

without scruples or principles

From this reading “In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

constant source adjective + noun

In this reading “During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.”

solid silver adjective + noun

In this reading “The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.”

insisted upon verb + particle counted as “insist upon”

In this reading “The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.”

hundred years noun + noun

In this reading “During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.”

two hundred noun + noun

being ten more than one hundred ninety

In this reading “During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.”

four feet noun + noun counted as “four foot”

In this reading “The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.”

deal more verb + adjective

In this reading “In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.”

old times adjective + noun

past times remembered with nostalgia

In this reading “In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

ASconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading SCHEME.--JOHNNY CRAPAUD AS GREEDY AS JOHNNY BULL.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

believingnounUS /bɪˈliːvɪŋ/

the cognitive process that leads to convictions

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

BULLnounUS /bʊl/

uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle

From this reading SCHEME.--JOHNNY CRAPAUD AS GREEDY AS JOHNNY BULL.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.

chartersnounUS /ˈtʃɑːrtərz/

plural of “charter” — a document incorporating an institution and specifying its rights; includes the articles of incorporation and the certificate of incorporation

From this reading This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

ColoradonounUS /ˌkɑːlərˈɑːdoʊ/

a state in west central United States in the Rocky Mountains

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.

continentnounUS /ˈkɑːntənənt/

one of the large landmasses of the earth

From this reading During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

CRAPAUDnoun

large toothed frog of South America and Central America resembling the bullfrog

From this reading SCHEME.--JOHNNY CRAPAUD AS GREEDY AS JOHNNY BULL.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

delusionnounUS /dɪˈluːʒən/

(psychology) an erroneous belief that is held in the face of evidence to the contrary

From this reading This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.

digverbUS /dɪɡ/

turn up, loosen, or remove earth

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

discoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.

eageradjectiveUS /ˈiːɡər/

having or showing keen interest or intense desire or impatient expectancy

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.

endeavorsnounUS /ɪnˈdevərz/

plural of “endeavor” — a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

foolishadjectiveUS /ˈfuːlɪʃ/

devoid of good sense or judgment

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

GREEDYadjectiveUS /ˈɡriːdi/

immoderately desirous of acquiring e.g. wealth

From this reading SCHEME.--JOHNNY CRAPAUD AS GREEDY AS JOHNNY BULL.

hardshipnounUS /ˈhɑːrdʃɪp/

a state of misfortune or affliction

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.

humbugs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

insistedverbUS /ˌɪnˈsɪstəd/

past form of “insist” — be emphatic or resolute and refuse to budge

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

JOHNNYnounUS /ˈdʒɑːni/

“Johnny” was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; “greyback” derived from their grey Confederate uniforms

From this reading SCHEME.--JOHNNY CRAPAUD AS GREEDY AS JOHNNY BULL.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

PortuguesenounUS /ˈpɔːrtʃəɡiːz/

the Romance language spoken in Portugal and Brazil

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

proportionnounUS /prəˈpɔːrʃən/

the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

reservedadjectiveUS /rɪˈzɜːrvd/

set aside for the use of a particular person or party

From this reading This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

SCHEMEnounUS /skiːm/

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading SCHEME.--JOHNNY CRAPAUD AS GREEDY AS JOHNNY BULL.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.

silvernounUS /ˈsɪlvər/

a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.

solidadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləd/

characterized by good substantial quality

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

sourcenounUS /sɔːrs/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.

SpaniardsnounUS /ˈspænjərdz/

plural of “spaniard” — a native or inhabitant of Spain

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.

uniformlyadverbUS /ˈjuːnəfɔːrmli/

in a uniform manner

From this reading This curious delusion is shown by the fact that the early charters of lands in America so uniformly reserved to the King his proportion of all gold and silver that should be found.

unscrupulousadjectiveUS /ənˈskruːpjələs/

without scruples or principles

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

vulgaradjectiveUS /ˈvʌlɡər/

lacking refinement or cultivation or taste

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the "good old times," people were just as eager after money as they are now; and a great deal more vulgar, unscrupulous, and foolish in their endeavors to get it.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading During about two hundred years after the discovery of America, that continent was a constant source of great and little money humbugs.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading The Spaniards and Portuguese and French and English all insisted upon thinking that America was chiefly made of gold; perhaps believing, as the man said about Colorado, that the hardship of the place was, that you have to dig through three or four feet of solid silver before the gold could be reached.

Chapter 23 of The Humbugs of the World by P. T. (Phineas Taylor) Barnum holds 169 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of The Humbugs of the World contain?

Chapter 23 holds 169 sentences of The Humbugs of the World, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of The Humbugs of the World by P. T. (Phineas Taylor) Barnum exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 169 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of The Humbugs of the World?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Humbugs of the World

Common questions about reading The Humbugs of the World by P. T. (Phineas Taylor) Barnum on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Humbugs of the World?

Yes. All 4632 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26640 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Humbugs of the World is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26640, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Humbugs of the World take to read?

About 386 minutes of reading across 927 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Humbugs of the World section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Humbugs of the World

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Humbugs of the World, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Humbugs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Account
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Delusions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.