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The Humbugs of the World
The Humbugs of the World

Chapter XXV

Chapter 25 of The Humbugs of the World is here in full — 77 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
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MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.
Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.
He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.
Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.
Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Humbugs of the World

Chapter XXV

Chapter 25 of The Humbugs of the World is here in full — 77 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.
Line 2
Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.
Line 3
He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.
Line 4
Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.
Line 5
Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Browning noun US /ˈbraʊnɪŋ/

United States inventor of firearms (especially automatic pistols and repeating rifles and a machine gun called the Peacemaker) (1855-1926)

From this reading “Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.”

Ducal adjective US /ˈduːkəl/

of or belonging to or suitable for a duke

From this reading “Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.”

piazza noun US /piˈæzə/

a public square with room for pedestrians

From this reading “Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.”

quack noun US /kwæk/

an untrained person who pretends to be a physician and who dispenses medical advice

From this reading “MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.”

refers verb US /rəˈfɜːrz/

third-person singular of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading “Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.”

reputed verb US /rɪˈpjuːtɪd/

past form of “repute” — look on as or consider

From this reading “He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.”

staple noun US /ˈsteɪpəl/

(usually in the plural) a necessary commodity for which demand is constant

From this reading “Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.”

translate verb US /trænzˈleɪt/

restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading “He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Ducal Palace adjective + noun

In this reading “Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.”

twenty years noun + noun

In this reading “Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.”

QUACK DOCTORS noun + noun counted as “quack doctor”

In this reading “MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.”

great wealth adjective + noun

In this reading “He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.”

very centre adjective + noun

In this reading “Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.”

comes into verb + particle counted as “come into”

obtain, especially accidentally

In this reading “Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.”

into the city preposition + article + noun counted as “into … city”

In this reading “Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

BrowningnounUS /ˈbraʊnɪŋ/

United States inventor of firearms (especially automatic pistols and repeating rifles and a machine gun called the Peacemaker) (1855-1926)

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

Casa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

centrenounUS /ˈsentər/

a low-lying region in central France

From this reading Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.

Christoforo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

ChristophernounUS /ˈkrɪstəfər/

Christian martyr and patron saint of travellers (3rd century)

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.

CRESO

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.

CRISTOFORO

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.

Croesusnoun

last king of Lydia (died in 546 BC)

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

DOCTORSnounUS /ˈdɑːktərz/

plural of “doctor” — a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.

DucaladjectiveUS /ˈduːkəl/

of or belonging to or suitable for a duke

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.

FLORENCEnounUS /ˈflɔːrəns/

a city in central Italy on the Arno; provincial capital of Tuscany; center of the Italian Renaissance from 14th to 16th centuries

From this reading MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.

FORprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.

geniusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəs/

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

grandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

Guidi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

ILnounUS /ɪl/

a midwestern state in north-central United States

From this reading MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

Lombardynoun

a region of north central Italy bordering Switzerland

From this reading Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

MODELnounUS /ˈmɑːdəl/

a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.

MONSIGNORE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

NOSTRUM-VENDER

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.

noticedadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəst/

being perceived or observed

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

ORconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.

OURdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.

PalacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

piazzanounUS /piˈæzə/

a public square with room for pedestrians

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

poemsnounUS /ˈpoʊəmz/

plural of “poem” — a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

poniesnounUS /ˈpoʊniz/

plural of “pony” — a range horse of the western United States

From this reading Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.

QUACKnounUS /kwæk/

an untrained person who pretends to be a physician and who dispenses medical advice

From this reading MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

refersverbUS /rəˈfɜːrz/

third-person singular of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

reputedverbUS /rɪˈpjuːtɪd/

past form of “repute” — look on as or consider

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

RISCHIO

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.

RisknounUS /rɪsk/

a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.

staplenounUS /ˈsteɪpəl/

(usually in the plural) a necessary commodity for which demand is constant

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

talenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MONSIGNORE CRISTOFORO RISCHIO; OR, IL CRESO, THE NOSTRUM-VENDER OF FLORENCE.--A MODEL FOR OUR QUACK DOCTORS.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

translateverbUS /trænzˈleɪt/

restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

Trollopenoun

English writer of novels (1815-1882)

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

TwiceadverbUS /twaɪs/

two times

From this reading Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.

unharnesses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.

vehiclenounUS /ˈviːhɪkəl/

a conveyance that transports people or objects

From this reading Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.

visitornounUS /ˈvɪzɪtər/

someone who visits

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading Twice every week, he comes into the city in a strange vehicle, drawn by two fine Lombardy ponies, and unharnesses them in the very centre of the square.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He is so called because of his reputed great wealth; but his real name is Christoforo Rischio, which I may again translate, as Christopher Risk.

WindowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading Mrs. Browning refers to him in one of her poems--the "Casa Guidi Windows," I think--and he has also been the staple of a tale by one of the Trollope brothers.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Every visitor to Florence during the last twenty years must have noticed on the grand piazza before the Ducal Palace, the strange genius known as Monsignore Creso, or, in plain English, Mr. Croesus.

Chapter 25 of The Humbugs of the World by P. T. (Phineas Taylor) Barnum holds 77 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 25 of The Humbugs of the World contain?

Chapter 25 holds 77 sentences of The Humbugs of the World, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 25 of The Humbugs of the World by P. T. (Phineas Taylor) Barnum exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 77 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 25 of The Humbugs of the World?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 25 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 25 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Humbugs of the World

Common questions about reading The Humbugs of the World by P. T. (Phineas Taylor) Barnum on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Humbugs of the World?

Yes. All 4632 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26640 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Humbugs of the World is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26640, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Humbugs of the World take to read?

About 386 minutes of reading across 927 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Humbugs of the World section by section

How to work through The Humbugs of the World section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Humbugs of the World to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Humbugs of the World

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Humbugs of the World, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Humbugs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Account
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Delusions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.