Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The Humbugs of the World
The Humbugs of the World

Chapter XXXVI

Chapter 36 of The Humbugs of the World is here in full — 46 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Humbugs of the World
Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A RELIGIOUS HUMBUG ON JOHN BULL.--JOANNA SOUTHCOTT.--THE SECOND SHILOH.
Joanna Southcott was born at St. Mary's Ottery in Devonshire, about the year 1750.
She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.
As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.
I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Humbugs of the World

Chapter XXXVI

Chapter 36 of The Humbugs of the World is here in full — 46 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A RELIGIOUS HUMBUG ON JOHN BULL.--JOANNA SOUTHCOTT.--THE SECOND SHILOH.
Line 2
Joanna Southcott was born at St. Mary's Ottery in Devonshire, about the year 1750.
Line 3
She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.
Line 4
As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.
Line 5
I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cleansing adjective US /ˈklenzɪŋ/

cleansing the body by washing; especially ritual washing of e.g. hands

From this reading “I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.”

Devonshire noun US /dɪˈvɑːnʃaɪr/

a county in southwestern England

From this reading “Joanna Southcott was born at St. Mary's Ottery in Devonshire, about the year 1750.”

humbug noun US /ˈhʌmbʌɡ/

pretentious or silly talk or writing

From this reading “A RELIGIOUS HUMBUG ON JOHN BULL.--JOANNA SOUTHCOTT.--THE SECOND SHILOH.”

plodded verb US /ˈplɑːdɪd/

inflected form of “plod” — walk heavily and firmly, as when weary, or through mud

From this reading “As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.”

recollects verb US /ˌrekəˈlekts/

third-person singular of “recollect” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading “I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.”

shiloh noun US /ˈʃaɪloʊ/

the second great battle of the American Civil War (1862); the battle ended with the withdrawal of Confederate troops but it was not a Union victory

From this reading “A RELIGIOUS HUMBUG ON JOHN BULL.--JOANNA SOUTHCOTT.--THE SECOND SHILOH.”

toils noun US /tɔɪlz/

plural of “toil” — productive work (especially physical work done for wages)

From this reading “She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.”

washer noun US /ˈwɑːʃər/

someone who washes things for a living

From this reading “As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

many years adjective + noun

In this reading “As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.”

early age adjective + noun

In this reading “She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.”

esteemed friend adjective + noun

In this reading “I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.”

plodded on verb + particle counted as “plod on”

In this reading “As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.”

still living adjective + noun

In this reading “I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.”

about the year preposition + article + noun counted as “about … year”

In this reading “Joanna Southcott was born at St. Mary's Ottery in Devonshire, about the year 1750.”

in the city preposition + article + noun counted as “in … city”

In this reading “As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1750

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Joanna Southcott was born at St. Mary's Ottery in Devonshire, about the year 1750.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A RELIGIOUS HUMBUG ON JOHN BULL.--JOANNA SOUTHCOTT.--THE SECOND SHILOH.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Joanna Southcott was born at St. Mary's Ottery in Devonshire, about the year 1750.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Joanna Southcott was born at St. Mary's Ottery in Devonshire, about the year 1750.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading Joanna Southcott was born at St. Mary's Ottery in Devonshire, about the year 1750.

BULLnounUS /bʊl/

uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle

From this reading A RELIGIOUS HUMBUG ON JOHN BULL.--JOANNA SOUTHCOTT.--THE SECOND SHILOH.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

cleansingadjectiveUS /ˈklenzɪŋ/

cleansing the body by washing; especially ritual washing of e.g. hands

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

complexionnounUS /kəmˈplekʃən/

the coloring of a person's face

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

DevonshirenounUS /dɪˈvɑːnʃaɪr/

a county in southwestern England

From this reading Joanna Southcott was born at St. Mary's Ottery in Devonshire, about the year 1750.

domesticadjectiveUS /dəˈmestɪk/

of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

estatenounUS /ɪˈsteɪt/

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

esteemedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstiːmd/

having an illustrious reputation; respected

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

Exeter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

farmernounUS /ˈfɑːrmər/

a person who operates a farm

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

hard-fisted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

hardenedadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdənd/

used of persons; emotionally hardened

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

hirelingnoun

a person who works only for money

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

HUMBUGnounUS /ˈhʌmbʌɡ/

pretentious or silly talk or writing

From this reading A RELIGIOUS HUMBUG ON JOHN BULL.--JOANNA SOUTHCOTT.--THE SECOND SHILOH.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Joanna Southcott was born at St. Mary's Ottery in Devonshire, about the year 1750.

IslandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

JOANNA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A RELIGIOUS HUMBUG ON JOHN BULL.--JOANNA SOUTHCOTT.--THE SECOND SHILOH.

JOHNnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading A RELIGIOUS HUMBUG ON JOHN BULL.--JOANNA SOUTHCOTT.--THE SECOND SHILOH.

lassnounUS /læs/

a girl or young woman who is unmarried

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

linennounUS /ˈlɪnən/

a fabric woven with fibers from the flax plant

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

Mary'snounUS /ˈmeriz/

possessive form of “mary” — the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading Joanna Southcott was born at St. Mary's Ottery in Devonshire, about the year 1750.

moderateverbUS /ˈmɑːdərət/

preside over

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

MondaynounUS /ˈmʌndi/

the second day of the week; the first working day

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

musclesnounUS /ˈmʌsəlz/

plural of “muscle” — one of the contractile organs of the body

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

obscureverbUS /əbsˈkjʊr/

make less visible or unclear

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A RELIGIOUS HUMBUG ON JOHN BULL.--JOANNA SOUTHCOTT.--THE SECOND SHILOH.

Ottery

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Joanna Southcott was born at St. Mary's Ottery in Devonshire, about the year 1750.

pathnounUS /pæθ/

a course of conduct

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

ploddedverbUS /ˈplɑːdɪd/

inflected form of “plod” — walk heavily and firmly, as when weary, or through mud

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

quietlyadverbUS /ˈkwaɪətli/

with low volume

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

recollectsverbUS /ˌrekəˈlekts/

third-person singular of “recollect” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

regularlyadverbUS /ˈreɡjələrli/

in a regular manner

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

RELIGIOUSadjectiveUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading A RELIGIOUS HUMBUG ON JOHN BULL.--JOANNA SOUTHCOTT.--THE SECOND SHILOH.

SECONDnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading A RELIGIOUS HUMBUG ON JOHN BULL.--JOANNA SOUTHCOTT.--THE SECOND SHILOH.

seekverbUS /siːk/

try to get or reach

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

SHILOHnounUS /ˈʃaɪloʊ/

the second great battle of the American Civil War (1862); the battle ended with the withdrawal of Confederate troops but it was not a Union victory

From this reading A RELIGIOUS HUMBUG ON JOHN BULL.--JOANNA SOUTHCOTT.--THE SECOND SHILOH.

SOUTHCOTT

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A RELIGIOUS HUMBUG ON JOHN BULL.--JOANNA SOUTHCOTT.--THE SECOND SHILOH.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Joanna Southcott was born at St. Mary's Ottery in Devonshire, about the year 1750.

Staten

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

stout-limbed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

subsequentlyadverbUS /ˈsʌbsəkwəntli/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

tawned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A RELIGIOUS HUMBUG ON JOHN BULL.--JOANNA SOUTHCOTT.--THE SECOND SHILOH.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

toilsnounUS /tɔɪlz/

plural of “toil” — productive work (especially physical work done for wages)

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Joanna Southcott was born at St. Mary's Ottery in Devonshire, about the year 1750.

washernounUS /ˈwɑːʃər/

someone who washes things for a living

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading I have an old and esteemed friend on Staten Island whose father, still living, recollects Joanna well, as she used to come regularly to his house of a Monday morning, to her task of cleansing the family linen.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading She was a plain, stout-limbed, hard-fisted farmer lass, whose toils in the field--for her father was in but very moderate circumstances--had tawned her complexion and hardened her muscles, at an early age.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

woman'snounUS /ˈwʊmənz/

possessive form of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Joanna Southcott was born at St. Mary's Ottery in Devonshire, about the year 1750.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading As she grew toward woman's estate, necessity compelled her to leave her home and seek service in the city of Exeter, where for many years, she plodded on very quietly in her obscure path, first, as a domestic hireling, and subsequently as a washer woman.

Chapter 36 of The Humbugs of the World by P. T. (Phineas Taylor) Barnum holds 46 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 36 of The Humbugs of the World contain?

Chapter 36 holds 46 sentences of The Humbugs of the World, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 36 of The Humbugs of the World by P. T. (Phineas Taylor) Barnum exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 46 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 36 of The Humbugs of the World?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 36 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 36 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Humbugs of the World

Common questions about reading The Humbugs of the World by P. T. (Phineas Taylor) Barnum on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Humbugs of the World?

Yes. All 4632 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26640 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Humbugs of the World is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26640, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Humbugs of the World take to read?

About 386 minutes of reading across 927 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Humbugs of the World section by section

How to work through The Humbugs of the World section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Humbugs of the World to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Humbugs of the World

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Humbugs of the World, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Humbugs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Account
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Delusions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.