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The Humbugs of the World
The Humbugs of the World

Chapter XXXIX

Chapter 39 of The Humbugs of the World is here in full — 88 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.
Ordeals belong to times and communities of rudeness, violence, materialism, ignorance, gross superstition and blind faith.
The theory of ordeals is, that God will miraculously decide in the case of any accused person referred to Him.
He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.
The duel, for instance, used to be called the "ordeal by battle," and was simply the commitment of the decision of a cause to God.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Humbugs of the World

Chapter XXXIX

Chapter 39 of The Humbugs of the World is here in full — 88 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.
Line 2
Ordeals belong to times and communities of rudeness, violence, materialism, ignorance, gross superstition and blind faith.
/ɔːrˈdiːlz bɪˈlɔːŋ tuː taɪmz ənd kəˈmjuːnətiz ʌv ˈruːdnəs ˈvaɪələns məˈtɪriəlɪzəm ˈɪɡnərəns ɡroʊs ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃən ənd blaɪnd feɪθ/
Line 3
The theory of ordeals is, that God will miraculously decide in the case of any accused person referred to Him.
/ðə ˈθɪri ʌv ɔːrˈdiːlz ɪz ðæt ɡɑːd wɪl mərˈækjələsli ˌdɪˈsaɪd ɪn ðə keɪs ʌv ˈeni əˈkjuːzd ˈpɜːrsən rəˈfɜːrd tuː hɪm/
Line 4
He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.
/hiː wɪl kɑːz ðə əˈkjuːzd tuː biː vɪkˈtɔːriəs ɔːr dɪˈfiːtəd ɪn ə ˈduːəl wɪl ˈpʌnɪʃ hɪm ɑːn ðə spɑːt fɔːr ˈpɜːrdʒəri ənd ɪf ðə ˈɪnəsənt biː ɪkˈspoʊzd tuː ˈsɜːrtən ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈdeɪndʒərz wɪl prəˈzɜːrv hɪm ˈhɑːrmləs/
Line 5
The duel, for instance, used to be called the "ordeal by battle," and was simply the commitment of the decision of a cause to God.
/ðə ˈduːəl fɔːr ˈɪnstəns juːzd tuː biː kɔːld ðə ɔːrˈdiːl baɪ ˈbætəl ənd wɑːz ˈsɪmpli ðə kəˈmɪtmənt ʌv ðə dɪˈsɪʒən ʌv ə kɑːz tuː ɡɑːd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

commitment noun US /kəˈmɪtmənt/

the trait of sincere and steadfast fixity of purpose

From this reading “The duel, for instance, used to be called the "ordeal by battle," and was simply the commitment of the decision of a cause to God.”

communities noun US /kəˈmjuːnətiz/

plural of “community” — a group of people living in a particular local area

From this reading “Ordeals belong to times and communities of rudeness, violence, materialism, ignorance, gross superstition and blind faith.”

duels noun US /ˈduːəlz/

plural of “duel” — a prearranged fight with deadly weapons by two people (accompanied by seconds) in order to settle a quarrel over a point of honor

From this reading “ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.”

materialism noun US /məˈtɪriəlɪzəm/

a desire for wealth and material possessions with little interest in ethical or spiritual matters

From this reading “Ordeals belong to times and communities of rudeness, violence, materialism, ignorance, gross superstition and blind faith.”

miraculously adverb US /mərˈækjələsli/

in a miraculous manner

From this reading “The theory of ordeals is, that God will miraculously decide in the case of any accused person referred to Him.”

ordeals noun US /ɔːrˈdiːlz/

plural of “ordeal” — a severe or trying experience

From this reading “ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.”

perjury noun US /ˈpɜːrdʒəri/

criminal offense of making false statements under oath

From this reading “He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.”

rudeness noun US /ˈruːdnəs/

a manner that is rude and insulting

From this reading “Ordeals belong to times and communities of rudeness, violence, materialism, ignorance, gross superstition and blind faith.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

BOILING WATER noun + noun

In this reading “ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.”

HOT IRON adjective + noun

In this reading “ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.”

for instance preposition + noun

as an example

In this reading “The duel, for instance, used to be called the "ordeal by battle," and was simply the commitment of the decision of a cause to God.”

blind faith noun + noun

In this reading “Ordeals belong to times and communities of rudeness, violence, materialism, ignorance, gross superstition and blind faith.”

on the spot preposition + article + noun counted as “on … spot”

without delay or immediately

In this reading “He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

ABRAHAMnounUS /ˈeɪbrəhæm/

the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son

From this reading ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.

accusednounUS /əˈkjuːzd/

a defendant in a criminal proceeding

From this reading The theory of ordeals is, that God will miraculously decide in the case of any accused person referred to Him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Ordeals belong to times and communities of rudeness, violence, materialism, ignorance, gross superstition and blind faith.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The theory of ordeals is, that God will miraculously decide in the case of any accused person referred to Him.

BATTLEnounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

belongverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋ/

be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading Ordeals belong to times and communities of rudeness, violence, materialism, ignorance, gross superstition and blind faith.

blindnounUS /blaɪnd/

people who have severe visual impairments, considered as a group

From this reading Ordeals belong to times and communities of rudeness, violence, materialism, ignorance, gross superstition and blind faith.

BOILINGnounUS /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/

the application of heat to change something from a liquid to a gas

From this reading ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The duel, for instance, used to be called the "ordeal by battle," and was simply the commitment of the decision of a cause to God.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The duel, for instance, used to be called the "ordeal by battle," and was simply the commitment of the decision of a cause to God.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading The theory of ordeals is, that God will miraculously decide in the case of any accused person referred to Him.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

commitmentnounUS /kəˈmɪtmənt/

the trait of sincere and steadfast fixity of purpose

From this reading The duel, for instance, used to be called the "ordeal by battle," and was simply the commitment of the decision of a cause to God.

communitiesnounUS /kəˈmjuːnətiz/

plural of “community” — a group of people living in a particular local area

From this reading Ordeals belong to times and communities of rudeness, violence, materialism, ignorance, gross superstition and blind faith.

CORSNED

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.

dangersnounUS /ˈdeɪndʒərz/

plural of “danger” — the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

decideverbUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪd/

reach, make, or come to a decision about something

From this reading The theory of ordeals is, that God will miraculously decide in the case of any accused person referred to Him.

decisionnounUS /dɪˈsɪʒən/

the act of making up your mind about something

From this reading The duel, for instance, used to be called the "ordeal by battle," and was simply the commitment of the decision of a cause to God.

defeatedadjectiveUS /dɪˈfiːtəd/

beaten or overcome; not victorious

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

duelnounUS /ˈduːəl/

a prearranged fight with deadly weapons by two people (accompanied by seconds) in order to settle a quarrel over a point of honor

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

DUELSnounUS /ˈduːəlz/

plural of “duel” — a prearranged fight with deadly weapons by two people (accompanied by seconds) in order to settle a quarrel over a point of honor

From this reading ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.

exposedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspoʊzd/

with no protection or shield

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

faithnounUS /feɪθ/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading Ordeals belong to times and communities of rudeness, violence, materialism, ignorance, gross superstition and blind faith.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading The theory of ordeals is, that God will miraculously decide in the case of any accused person referred to Him.

grossadjectiveUS /ɡroʊs/

before any deductions

From this reading Ordeals belong to times and communities of rudeness, violence, materialism, ignorance, gross superstition and blind faith.

harmlessadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrmləs/

not causing or capable of causing harm

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

HimpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The theory of ordeals is, that God will miraculously decide in the case of any accused person referred to Him.

HOTadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

ignorancenounUS /ˈɪɡnərəns/

the lack of knowledge or education

From this reading Ordeals belong to times and communities of rudeness, violence, materialism, ignorance, gross superstition and blind faith.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The theory of ordeals is, that God will miraculously decide in the case of any accused person referred to Him.

innocentadjectiveUS /ˈɪnəsənt/

free from evil or guilt

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading The duel, for instance, used to be called the "ordeal by battle," and was simply the commitment of the decision of a cause to God.

IRONnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The theory of ordeals is, that God will miraculously decide in the case of any accused person referred to Him.

materialismnounUS /məˈtɪriəlɪzəm/

a desire for wealth and material possessions with little interest in ethical or spiritual matters

From this reading Ordeals belong to times and communities of rudeness, violence, materialism, ignorance, gross superstition and blind faith.

miraculouslyadverbUS /mərˈækjələsli/

in a miraculous manner

From this reading The theory of ordeals is, that God will miraculously decide in the case of any accused person referred to Him.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

ordealnounUS /ɔːrˈdiːl/

a severe or trying experience

From this reading The duel, for instance, used to be called the "ordeal by battle," and was simply the commitment of the decision of a cause to God.

ORDEALSnounUS /ɔːrˈdiːlz/

plural of “ordeal” — a severe or trying experience

From this reading ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.

PAGANnounUS /ˈpeɪɡən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.

perjurynounUS /ˈpɜːrdʒəri/

criminal offense of making false statements under oath

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading The theory of ordeals is, that God will miraculously decide in the case of any accused person referred to Him.

physicaladjectiveUS /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

preserveverbUS /prəˈzɜːrv/

keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

punishverbUS /ˈpʌnɪʃ/

impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

REDnounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.

referredverbUS /rəˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading The theory of ordeals is, that God will miraculously decide in the case of any accused person referred to Him.

rudenessnounUS /ˈruːdnəs/

a manner that is rude and insulting

From this reading Ordeals belong to times and communities of rudeness, violence, materialism, ignorance, gross superstition and blind faith.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading The duel, for instance, used to be called the "ordeal by battle," and was simply the commitment of the decision of a cause to God.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

superstitionnounUS /ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃən/

an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear

From this reading Ordeals belong to times and communities of rudeness, violence, materialism, ignorance, gross superstition and blind faith.

SWEARINGnounUS /ˈswerɪŋ/

profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger

From this reading ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.

SWIMMINGnounUS /ˈswɪmɪŋ/

the act of swimming

From this reading ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The theory of ordeals is, that God will miraculously decide in the case of any accused person referred to Him.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The theory of ordeals is, that God will miraculously decide in the case of any accused person referred to Him.

theorynounUS /ˈθɪri/

a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading The theory of ordeals is, that God will miraculously decide in the case of any accused person referred to Him.

THORNTONnounUS /ˈθɔːrntən/

American architect (1759-1828)

From this reading ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Ordeals belong to times and communities of rudeness, violence, materialism, ignorance, gross superstition and blind faith.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Ordeals belong to times and communities of rudeness, violence, materialism, ignorance, gross superstition and blind faith.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading The duel, for instance, used to be called the "ordeal by battle," and was simply the commitment of the decision of a cause to God.

victoriousadjectiveUS /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/

having won

From this reading He will cause the accused to be victorious or defeated in a duel, will punish him on the spot for perjury, and if the innocent be exposed to certain physical dangers, will preserve him harmless.

violencenounUS /ˈvaɪələns/

an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists)

From this reading Ordeals belong to times and communities of rudeness, violence, materialism, ignorance, gross superstition and blind faith.

WAGERnounUS /ˈweɪdʒər/

the act of gambling

From this reading ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The duel, for instance, used to be called the "ordeal by battle," and was simply the commitment of the decision of a cause to God.

WATERnounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading ORDEALS.--DUELS.--WAGER OF BATTLE.--ABRAHAM THORNTON.--RED HOT IRON.--BOILING WATER.--SWIMMING.--SWEARING.--CORSNED.--PAGAN ORDEALS.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The theory of ordeals is, that God will miraculously decide in the case of any accused person referred to Him.

Chapter 39 of The Humbugs of the World by P. T. (Phineas Taylor) Barnum holds 88 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 39 of The Humbugs of the World contain?

Chapter 39 holds 88 sentences of The Humbugs of the World, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 39 of The Humbugs of the World by P. T. (Phineas Taylor) Barnum exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 88 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 39 of The Humbugs of the World?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 39 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 39 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Humbugs of the World

Common questions about reading The Humbugs of the World by P. T. (Phineas Taylor) Barnum on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Humbugs of the World?

Yes. All 4632 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26640 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Humbugs of the World is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26640, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Humbugs of the World take to read?

About 386 minutes of reading across 927 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Humbugs of the World section by section

How to work through The Humbugs of the World section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Humbugs of the World to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Humbugs of the World

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Humbugs of the World, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Humbugs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Account
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Delusions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Humbugs of the World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.