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The humour of Germany
The humour of Germany

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The humour of Germany is here in full — 396 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
If Cæsar had not crossed the Rubicon there is no knowing where he would have gone.
Brutus and Cassius murdered Cæsar in a manner very detrimental to his health.
His brother, whom he had caused to be murdered, he at last proscribed.
Varus was the only Roman general who succeeded in being conquered by the Germans.
Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The humour of Germany

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The humour of Germany is here in full — 396 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
If Cæsar had not crossed the Rubicon there is no knowing where he would have gone.
Line 2
Brutus and Cassius murdered Cæsar in a manner very detrimental to his health.
Line 3
His brother, whom he had caused to be murdered, he at last proscribed.
/hɪz ˈbrʌðər huːm hiː hæd kɑːzd tuː biː ˈmɜːrdərd hiː æt læst proʊˈskraɪbd/
Line 4
Varus was the only Roman general who succeeded in being conquered by the Germans.
Line 5
Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.
/ˈɡæləs wɑːz ˈmɜːrdərd ɪn ðə ˈprezəns ʌv ðə ˈpɑːpjələs ənd hiː met ðə seɪm feɪt wʌns mɔːr æt ðə hændz ʌv æn əˈsæsən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

assassin noun US /əˈsæsən/

a murderer (especially one who kills a prominent political figure) who kills by a surprise attack and often is hired to do the deed

From this reading “Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.”

Brutus noun US /ˈbruːtəs/

statesman of ancient Rome who (with Cassius) led a conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar (85-42 BC)

From this reading “Brutus and Cassius murdered Cæsar in a manner very detrimental to his health.”

conquered verb US /ˈkɑːŋkərd/

past form of “conquer” — bring under control by force or authority

From this reading “Varus was the only Roman general who succeeded in being conquered by the Germans.”

detrimental adjective US /ˌdetrəˈmentəl/

(sometimes followed by “to”) causing harm or injury

From this reading “Brutus and Cassius murdered Cæsar in a manner very detrimental to his health.”

Gallus noun US /ˈɡæləs/

elastic straps that hold trousers up (usually used in the plural)

From this reading “Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.”

populace noun US /ˈpɑːpjələs/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading “Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.”

proscribed adjective US /proʊˈskraɪbd/

excluded from use or mention

From this reading “His brother, whom he had caused to be murdered, he at last proscribed.”

Rubicon noun US /ˈruːbɪkɔːn/

the boundary in ancient times between Italy and Gaul; Caesar's crossing it with his army in 49 BC was an act of war

From this reading “If Cæsar had not crossed the Rubicon there is no knowing where he would have gone.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

once more adverb + adjective

anew

In this reading “Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.”

succeeded in verb + particle counted as “succeed in”

In this reading “Varus was the only Roman general who succeeded in being conquered by the Germans.”

same fate adjective + noun

In this reading “Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.”

in the presence preposition + article + noun counted as “in … presence”

In this reading “Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Brutus and Cassius murdered Cæsar in a manner very detrimental to his health.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Brutus and Cassius murdered Cæsar in a manner very detrimental to his health.

assassinnounUS /əˈsæsən/

a murderer (especially one who kills a prominent political figure) who kills by a surprise attack and often is hired to do the deed

From this reading Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading His brother, whom he had caused to be murdered, he at last proscribed.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading His brother, whom he had caused to be murdered, he at last proscribed.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Varus was the only Roman general who succeeded in being conquered by the Germans.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading His brother, whom he had caused to be murdered, he at last proscribed.

BrutusnounUS /ˈbruːtəs/

statesman of ancient Rome who (with Cassius) led a conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar (85-42 BC)

From this reading Brutus and Cassius murdered Cæsar in a manner very detrimental to his health.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Varus was the only Roman general who succeeded in being conquered by the Germans.

Cassiusnoun

prime mover in the conspiracy against Julius Caesar (died in 42 BC)

From this reading Brutus and Cassius murdered Cæsar in a manner very detrimental to his health.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading His brother, whom he had caused to be murdered, he at last proscribed.

conqueredverbUS /ˈkɑːŋkərd/

past form of “conquer” — bring under control by force or authority

From this reading Varus was the only Roman general who succeeded in being conquered by the Germans.

crossedadjectiveUS /krɔːst/

placed crosswise

From this reading If Cæsar had not crossed the Rubicon there is no knowing where he would have gone.

Cæsar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Cæsar had not crossed the Rubicon there is no knowing where he would have gone.

detrimentaladjectiveUS /ˌdetrəˈmentəl/

(sometimes followed by “to”) causing harm or injury

From this reading Brutus and Cassius murdered Cæsar in a manner very detrimental to his health.

fatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.

GallusnounUS /ˈɡæləs/

elastic straps that hold trousers up (usually used in the plural)

From this reading Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Varus was the only Roman general who succeeded in being conquered by the Germans.

GermansnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmənz/

plural of “german” — a person of German nationality

From this reading Varus was the only Roman general who succeeded in being conquered by the Germans.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading If Cæsar had not crossed the Rubicon there is no knowing where he would have gone.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading If Cæsar had not crossed the Rubicon there is no knowing where he would have gone.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading If Cæsar had not crossed the Rubicon there is no knowing where he would have gone.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If Cæsar had not crossed the Rubicon there is no knowing where he would have gone.

healthnounUS /helθ/

a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease

From this reading Brutus and Cassius murdered Cæsar in a manner very detrimental to his health.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Brutus and Cassius murdered Cæsar in a manner very detrimental to his health.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If Cæsar had not crossed the Rubicon there is no knowing where he would have gone.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Brutus and Cassius murdered Cæsar in a manner very detrimental to his health.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If Cæsar had not crossed the Rubicon there is no knowing where he would have gone.

knowingadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊɪŋ/

evidencing the possession of inside information

From this reading If Cæsar had not crossed the Rubicon there is no knowing where he would have gone.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading His brother, whom he had caused to be murdered, he at last proscribed.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Brutus and Cassius murdered Cæsar in a manner very detrimental to his health.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.

murderedadjectiveUS /ˈmɜːrdərd/

killed unlawfully

From this reading Brutus and Cassius murdered Cæsar in a manner very detrimental to his health.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading If Cæsar had not crossed the Rubicon there is no knowing where he would have gone.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading If Cæsar had not crossed the Rubicon there is no knowing where he would have gone.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Varus was the only Roman general who succeeded in being conquered by the Germans.

populacenounUS /ˈpɑːpjələs/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.

presencenounUS /ˈprezəns/

the state of being present; current existence

From this reading Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.

proscribedadjectiveUS /proʊˈskraɪbd/

excluded from use or mention

From this reading His brother, whom he had caused to be murdered, he at last proscribed.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading Varus was the only Roman general who succeeded in being conquered by the Germans.

RubiconnounUS /ˈruːbɪkɔːn/

the boundary in ancient times between Italy and Gaul; Caesar's crossing it with his army in 49 BC was an act of war

From this reading If Cæsar had not crossed the Rubicon there is no knowing where he would have gone.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Gallus was murdered in the presence of the populace, and he met the same fate once more at the hands of an assassin.

succeededverbUS /səkˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “succeed” — attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading Varus was the only Roman general who succeeded in being conquered by the Germans.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading If Cæsar had not crossed the Rubicon there is no knowing where he would have gone.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading If Cæsar had not crossed the Rubicon there is no knowing where he would have gone.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Brutus and Cassius murdered Cæsar in a manner very detrimental to his health.

Varusnoun

a deformity in which part of a limb is turned inward to an abnormal degree

From this reading Varus was the only Roman general who succeeded in being conquered by the Germans.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Brutus and Cassius murdered Cæsar in a manner very detrimental to his health.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Varus was the only Roman general who succeeded in being conquered by the Germans.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading If Cæsar had not crossed the Rubicon there is no knowing where he would have gone.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Varus was the only Roman general who succeeded in being conquered by the Germans.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His brother, whom he had caused to be murdered, he at last proscribed.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If Cæsar had not crossed the Rubicon there is no knowing where he would have gone.

Chapter 12 of The humour of Germany by Hans [Editor] Müller-Casenov holds 396 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The humour of Germany contain?

Chapter 12 holds 396 sentences of The humour of Germany, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The humour of Germany by Hans [Editor] Müller-Casenov exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 396 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The humour of Germany?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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