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The humour of Russia
The humour of Russia

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The humour of Russia is here in full — 419 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The humour of Russia
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.
Laughter is immortal.
The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.
But the world still laughs, and will laugh for ever, over the masterpiece of Cervantes and the burlesques of Voltaire.
Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The humour of Russia

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The humour of Russia is here in full — 419 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.
/ʌv ɔːl ˌmænəfeˈsteɪʃənz ʌv ˈlɪtəreri ˈdʒiːnjəs ˈhjuːmər ɪz ðə ˈrerəst ənd aɪ æm nɑːt ʃʊr ðæt ɪt ɪz nɑːt ðə ˈhaɪəst/
Line 2
Laughter is immortal.
/ˈlæftər ɪz ɪˈmɔːr.t̬əl/
Line 3
The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.
Line 4
But the world still laughs, and will laugh for ever, over the masterpiece of Cervantes and the burlesques of Voltaire.
Line 5
Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cervantes noun US /serˈvɑːntes/

Spanish writer best remembered for “Don Quixote” which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form (1547-1616)

From this reading “But the world still laughs, and will laugh for ever, over the masterpiece of Cervantes and the burlesques of Voltaire.”

grandfathers noun US /ˈɡrændfɑːðərz/

plural of “grandfather” — the father of your father or mother

From this reading “The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.”

grandmothers noun US /ˈɡrændmʌðərz/

plural of “grandmother” — the mother of your father or mother

From this reading “The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.”

manifestations noun US /ˌmænəfeˈsteɪʃənz/

plural of “manifestation” — a clear appearance

From this reading “Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.”

masterpiece noun US /ˈmæstərpiːs/

the most outstanding work of a creative artist or craftsman

From this reading “But the world still laughs, and will laugh for ever, over the masterpiece of Cervantes and the burlesques of Voltaire.”

Petrarca noun US /ˌpeˈtrɑːrkə/

an Italian poet famous for love lyrics (1304-1374)

From this reading “Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?”

rarest adjective US /ˈrerəst/

superlative of “rare” — not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading “Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.”

Voltaire noun US /voʊlˈter/

French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778)

From this reading “But the world still laughs, and will laugh for ever, over the masterpiece of Cervantes and the burlesques of Voltaire.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

almost irresistible adverb + adjective

In this reading “The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.”

put down verb + adjective

cause to sit or seat or be in a settled position or place

In this reading “Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?”

for ever preposition + adverb

In this reading “But the world still laughs, and will laugh for ever, over the masterpiece of Cervantes and the burlesques of Voltaire.”

from beginning preposition + noun

In this reading “Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?

Boccaccionoun

Italian poet (born in France) (1313-1375)

From this reading Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?

burlesques

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the world still laughs, and will laugh for ever, over the masterpiece of Cervantes and the burlesques of Voltaire.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the world still laughs, and will laugh for ever, over the masterpiece of Cervantes and the burlesques of Voltaire.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?

CervantesnounUS /serˈvɑːntes/

Spanish writer best remembered for “Don Quixote” which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form (1547-1616)

From this reading But the world still laughs, and will laugh for ever, over the masterpiece of Cervantes and the burlesques of Voltaire.

Clarissas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

Corinnas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading But the world still laughs, and will laugh for ever, over the masterpiece of Cervantes and the burlesques of Voltaire.

floodsnounUS /flʌdz/

plural of “flood” — the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

Francesco

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?

geniusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəs/

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.

Giovanni

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?

grandfathersnounUS /ˈɡrændfɑːðərz/

plural of “grandfather” — the father of your father or mother

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

grandmothersnounUS /ˈɡrændmʌðərz/

plural of “grandmother” — the mother of your father or mother

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

Heloises

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.

humournounUS /ˈhjuːmər/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.

immortaladjUS /ɪˈmɔːr.t̬əl/

Living forever; never dying or decaying. (Bất tử, trường tồn vĩnh cửu.)

From this reading Laughter is immortal.

irresistibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbəl/

impossible to resist; overpowering

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.

laughnounUS /læf/

the sound of laughing

From this reading But the world still laughs, and will laugh for ever, over the masterpiece of Cervantes and the burlesques of Voltaire.

laughsnounUS /læfs/

plural of “laugh” — the sound of laughing

From this reading But the world still laughs, and will laugh for ever, over the masterpiece of Cervantes and the burlesques of Voltaire.

LaughternounUS /ˈlæftər/

the sound of laughing

From this reading Laughter is immortal.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.

manifestationsnounUS /ˌmænəfeˈsteɪʃənz/

plural of “manifestation” — a clear appearance

From this reading Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.

masterpiecenounUS /ˈmæstərpiːs/

the most outstanding work of a creative artist or craftsman

From this reading But the world still laughs, and will laugh for ever, over the masterpiece of Cervantes and the burlesques of Voltaire.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.

novelsnounUS /ˈnɑːvəlz/

plural of “novel” — an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

nowadaysnounUS /ˈnaʊədeɪz/

the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech

From this reading Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

PetrarcanounUS /ˌpeˈtrɑːrkə/

an Italian poet famous for love lyrics (1304-1374)

From this reading Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?

rarestadjectiveUS /ˈrerəst/

superlative of “rare” — not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?

sentimentaladjectiveUS /ˌsentəˈmentəl/

given to or marked by sentiment or sentimentality

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

shedverbUS /ʃed/

get rid of

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

soporifics

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading But the world still laughs, and will laugh for ever, over the masterpiece of Cervantes and the burlesques of Voltaire.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.

tearsnounUS /terz/

the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds)

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Of all manifestations of literary genius humour is the rarest, and I am not sure that it is not the highest.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

VoltairenounUS /voʊlˈter/

French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778)

From this reading But the world still laughs, and will laugh for ever, over the masterpiece of Cervantes and the burlesques of Voltaire.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The sentimental novels over which our grandfathers and grandmothers shed floods of tears—the “Corinnas,” the “Clarissas,” and the “New Heloises”—have become for us soporifics of an almost irresistible strength.

WhopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Who nowadays can read from beginning to end Francesco Petrarca, and who can put down Giovanni Boccaccio when once begun?

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading But the world still laughs, and will laugh for ever, over the masterpiece of Cervantes and the burlesques of Voltaire.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading But the world still laughs, and will laugh for ever, over the masterpiece of Cervantes and the burlesques of Voltaire.

Chapter 1 of The humour of Russia by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) [Translator] Voynich holds 419 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The humour of Russia contain?

Chapter 1 holds 419 sentences of The humour of Russia, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The humour of Russia by E. L. (Ethel Lillian) [Translator] Voynich exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 419 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The humour of Russia?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 3
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